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1.samarTlianobis problema
platonis saxelmwifo aTi wignisagan Sedgeba. pirvel wignSi, sadac sakiTxis
dasmaa warmodgenili mosaubreTa sakmaod vrceli wres vxvdebiT. sxva dialogebis
msgavsad, platoni sakuTar Tvalsazriss aqac sokrates gamoaTqmevinebs.
“saxelmwifos” sawyis kiTxvaze: “ra aris samarTlianoba, vin aris samarTliani
kaci?” — platoni jer gavrcelebul Sexedulebebs mimoixilavs, xolo Semdeg
iwyebs sakuTari Tvalsazrisis gadmocemas. amasTan, kiTxva Tavidan adamianT-
Soris samoqmedo normas daesmis ara mxolod wminda Teoriuli aspeqtis dadgenis
mizniT, aramed misi mravalferovani yofiTi mxareebis saCvenebladac. vTqvaT,
“Tuki vinme marTlac cxovrobs samarTlianad, ra xeiri aqvs amisagan”? kiTxvaze
gamoTqmul mosazrebebidan zogierTi gaocebas iwvevs Tavisi mdgradi da “Zalze
adamianuri” xasiaTis gamo. platonis epoqis msgavsad, Cvens droSiac Zalze bevri
adamianis eTosisaTvisaa ganmsazRvreli Tvalsazrisi, romelsac icavs Trasimaqe:
samarTlianad cxovreba Zalze wamgebiania. usamarTlobis Cadena adamianebs ar
SeuZliaT ara TavianTi keTilSobilebis, aramed ufro ususurobis gamo.
samarTlianoba keTilSobili sibriyve (3. 348 d) an umaRlesi gulubryvilobaa (2.
348 d). xolo usamarTloba ki ufro saR azrs emyareba da momgebian qcevas
uzrunvelyofs. ase, magaliTad, urTierTvaldebulebebis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi,
Tu saqmes erTad uZRvebian samarTliani da arasamarTliani, verasdros
aRmoaCenT, rom saboloo gaangariSebisas, samarTlian kacs ufro meti moegos,
vidre arasamarTlians. am ukanasknels yovelTvis ufro naklebi Sexvdeba. igive
viTarebaa saxelmwifos mimarT arsebuli valdebulebebis SemTxvevaSi: samar-
Tlians ufro meti Seaqvs, vidre arasamarTlians, magram, rodesac saxelmwifoa
maT mimarT valdebuli, samarTilans yovelTvis ufro naklebi Sexvdeba da a. S.
sokrates piriT, platoni yvela msgavsi mosazrebebis gabaTilebas sakmaod
efeqturad axerxebs. amasTan, sakiTxis ganxilva sul ufro d ufro metad scildeba
yofiT situaciebis aRwerebs. samarTlianobis problema axla ganixileba
moqalaqis da saxelmwifos urTierTobis konteqstSi. miuxedavad imisa, rom misi
argumentacia sakmaod damajereblad gamoiyureba, platons sakiTxis ganxilva
Tvisebrivad ufro maRal doneze gadayavs mas Semdeg, rac sokrate zogadi
meTodologiuri principis Sesabamisad moiTxovs jer SeviswavloT mTeli, xolo
Semdeg misi nawili, anu samarTlianobis sakiTxi jer ganvixiloT saxelmwifos
mimarT da amis Semdeg davubrundeT igive sakiTxis ganxilvas konkretul,
adamianis doneze.
2. mTelis da nawilis mimarTeba - kvlevis
zogadmeTodologiuri paradigma
nawilis mTelis konteqstSi ganxilvis moTxovna kvlevis zogadmeTodologiuri
paradigmaa. jer unda SeviswavloT mTeli, Semdeg misi nawili. Sesabamisi
principis gavrceleba samarTliani kacis fenomenis dasadgenad, jer unda
SeviswavloT, Tu romeli saxelmwifoSi xorcieldeba samarTlianoba da mxolod
amis Semdeg davadginoT, Tu romeli adamiani iqneba samarTliani. “saxelmwifoSi”
platoni am paradigmis Taobaze gakvriT saubrobs: “Cven vTvliT, rom samarTlianoba
calkeul adamians aqvs, Tumca SeiZleba is mTeli saxelmwifosaTvis iyos
damaxasiaTebeli. ... saxelmwifo ki calkeul adamianze ufro didia. ... ase, rom
savaraudia samarTlianoba ufro did zomebs miiRebs imaSi, rac ufro didia da aq
misi Seswavla gacilebiT ioli iqneba. amitom, Tu gnebavT, modiT, jer
SeviswavloT ra aris samarTlianoba saxelmwifoebSi da Semdeg igive ganvixiloT
calkeul adamianTan dakavSirebiT, anu mcires ideaSi movniSnoT didi ideis
msgavseba” (368 a-369 a). marTlac, “saxelmwifos” momdevno striqonebze kvlevis
mimarTulebis gadanacvleba adamanidan saxelmwifoze calsaxad fiqsirdeba.
msgavssave zogadmeTodologiur princips emyareba Tavis “politikaSi”
aristotelec, romelic ufro mkveTrad warmoadgens xolme meTodologiur
moTxovnebs. is wers: “gadmosacemi masala ufro cxadi gaxdeba, Tu mas ganvixilavT
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