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) yvela qveSevrdomis damokidebulebas erTian kanonmdeblobaze;
g)yvela moqalaqis Tanasworobas.
rogorc vxedavT, respublikuri saxelmwifos bunebis ganmsazRvrel ZiriTad
elementebad kanonmorCilebis garda, figurirebs Tavisufleba da Tanasworoba.
kanti iZleva Tavisuflebis (amasTan, aq laparakia garegan, anu smarTlebriv
Tavisuflebaze) da Semdeg Tanasworobis aseT gansazRvrebas: “es Tavisufleba
aris uflebamosileba ar davemorCilo araviTar garegan kanonebs, garda im
kanonebisa, romlebzedac me mzad var mivce Tanxmoba. zustad aseve, garegani
(samarTlebrivi) Tanasworoba saxelmwifoSi aris misi moqalaweebis iseTi
mimarTeba, rodesac TiToeuls SeuZlia samarTlebrivad daavaldebulos meore
mxolod maSin, Tuki pirveli Tavad emorCileba kanons, romelic, moiTxovs, rom es
piri, Tavis mxrivac iyos samarTalvaldebuli” (2.267). kanti Tvlis, rom
aRniSnuli ulebebi mouwyvetelia adamianisagan da bunebiTadaa mas
mikuTvnebuli.
respublikuri mmarTveloba unda gamomdinareobdes im pirveli konvenciidan,
romelsac adamianebi gadahyavs samoqalaqo mdgomareobaSi. masve unda
emyarebodes ama Tu im xalxis yovelgvari samarTlebrivi kanonmdebloba.
respublikanizmi, Tavis mxriv, qmnis gansxvavebas qveSevrdomsa da moqaaqes Soris.
kanti wers: “im wyobaSi, sadac qveSevrdomi ar aris mqalaqe (maSasadame,
ararespublikuri wyobis SemTxvevaSi) es sakiTxi yvelaze nakleb kamaTs iwvevs,
radgan saxelmwfos meTauri ar aris saxelmwifos wevri, aramed mxolod misi
mesakuTre”(2.269).
saerTod saxelmwifos formebi unda gavarCioT an imis mixedviT, Tu ramdeni
piri flobs umaRles mrTvelobas, an im wesis mixedviT, romliTac umaRlesi
xelisufali, mniSvneloba ara aqvs vin daniSna is) marTavs xalxs. pirveli — kantis
azriT _ aris batonobis forma (forma imperi) da arsebobs mxolod sami saxiT: a)
rodesac umaRlesi xelisufali erTi piria — avtokratia; b) rodesac umaRlesi
xelisufali ramdenime piria _ aristokratia; g) rodesac umaRlesi xelisufleba
ekuTvnis mTel xalxs _ demokratia.
meore forma aris marTvis forma (forma regiminis). igi exeba konstituciaze,
anu saerTo nebaze (romelic brbos aqcevs xalxad) dafuZnebul marTvis im wess,
romliTac saxelmwifo gankargavs srul Zalauflebas. aqedan marTvelobis forma
sul aris ori: respublika an despotia. “respublikanizmi aris saxelmwifo
principi, romelic aRmasrulebel xelisuflebas mijnavs sakanonmdeblosagan.
despotia — umaRlesi mmarTvelis mierve SemoRebuli saxelmwifo kanonmdeblobis
TviTmpyrobluri aRsrulebis principia. aseT dros sajaro neba
gamodis mmarTvelis kerZo nebis rangSi” (2.269).
saxelmwifos bunebaze msjelobis Semdeg, kanti gadadis msoflio
saxelmwifos ideaze. msoflio saxelmwifoSi kanti xedavs maradiuli mSvidobis
garantors. rogorc zemoT vnaxeT, wesi, romliTac saxelmwifoebi cdiloben
TavianTi uflebebis ganxorcielebas, aris ara sasamarTlo, aramed omi.
samSvidobo xelSekruleba marTalia bolos uRebs ama Tu im oms, magram ara
saomar mdgomareobas rogorc saerTaSoriso samarTliT, aseve bunebiTi
samarTlis princpebiT. magram goneba moralis umaRlesi sakanonmdeblo
Zalauflebis simaRlidan, ra Tqma unda, kicxavs oms rigorc samarTlebriv
proceduras da savaldebulod acxadebs mSvidobas, romelic ar SeiZleba
damyardes xalxTa Soris urTieTmolaparakebis gareSe. aqedan, unda arsebobdes
gansakuTrebuli saxis kavSiri, romelic samSvidobo kavSiris (foedus pacificum)
saxels unda atarebdes da romelic Cveulebrivi samSvidobo xelSekrulebidan
unda gansxvavdebodes imiT, rom es ukanaskneli cdilobs mxolod erTi omis
dasrulebas, maSin, rodesac pirveli bolos mouRebs yvela oms da gaakeTebs amas
samudamod (2.273-274). yovelive es aris mxolod Sesavali ZiriTadi TezisisaTvis,
romelic gulisxmobs saxelmwifoebrivi iseTi gaerTianebis formirebas,
romelic SezRudavs mis wevr saxelmwifoebs Soris konfliqtebis SesaZleblobas.
kants imedi aqvs, rom “SesaZlebelia naCvenebi iyos iseTi federaciis ideis
ganxorcielebadoba, romelic TandaTanobiT moicavda yvela saxelmwifos da
miivanda maT maradiul mSvidobamde”(2.274).
ufro konkretuli nabiji amgvari gaerTianebis Sesaqmnelad iqneba, Tuki
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