lia sturua II IV-V givi alxaziSvili

12 literaturuli gazeTiesse 6 - 12 seqtemberi 2013selinjers literatorebi xSirad ixseniebdnen, rogorc romanis `TamaSiWvavis yanaSi~ avtors, rac migvaniSnebda, rom mis sxva nawarmoebebs SedarebiTnaklebmniSvnelovnad miiCnevdnen. Tumca, bolo dros `freni da zuisadmic~Seicvala mkvlevarTa damokidebuleba. 2001 wels literatorma janetmalkolmma JurnalSi `The New York Review of Books~ gamoaqveyna werili,romelSic aRniSnavda, rom selinjeris es Txzuleba mkiTxvelma iseve xSiradunda gadaikiTxos, rogorc ficjeraldis `didi getsbi~. xolo sxva mkvlevrebimas sirTuliT joisis `ulisesac~ ki adarebdnen.yovelive amis fonze urigo ar iqneboda, gagvexsenebina selinjeris esnawarmoebi, romelic yvelaferTan erTad masSi gamoTqmuli religiuriSexedulebebiTacaa saintereso...selinjeri, ocdaTeqvsmeti wlisasakSi, 1955 wels daqorwinda redklifisstudent kler duglasze.SeuRlebis Semdeg isini kria iogas mimdevrebigaxdnen da vaSingtonis erTpatara induistur taZarSi garkveuliinstruqciebic ki miiRes, Tu rogorSeesrulebinaT dReSi orjer mantrebida sunTqviTi varjiSebi.imave 1955 wels gamoqveyndamoTxroba `freni~, romlis mTavarigmiric raRaciT hgavda kler duglass.Turme, studentobisas, masac freniviTmudam Tan dahqonda patara wigniiesos locvis Sesaxeb. rogorc Cans,qristianuli Tematikis gaCena selinjerisSemoqmedebaSi nawilobrivswored kleris damsaxureba iyo. Tumca,arc misi da arc mwerlis qristianobiTdainteresebas ar miuRia eklesiurixasiaTi. kleri kria iogas mimdevarirCeboda, selinjerisgan gansxvavebiT,romelic am periodSi gamudmebiTicvlida aRmsareblobasa damsoflmxedvelobas. rTulad mimdinareobdaSemoqmedebiTi procesic. kleri,romelic gaRizianebuli iyo meuRlisreligiuri ZiebebiT, sinanuliT aRni-Snavda, rom selinjeri sistematuradmiemgzavreboda korniSidan moTxrobazemuSaobis mizeziT. `is ramdenimekviriT tovebda korniSs~, _ ixsenebdamwerlis meuRle, _ `Tumca moTxrobakvlav dausrulebeli rCeboda, misi axaliCanawerebi ki _ ganadgurebuli,samagierod is axal-axali~ mimdinareobebismimdevari xdeboda. ai, maTi mokleCamonaTvalic: qristianuli mecniereba,saintologia, homeopaTia, akupunqtura(Cinuri medicinis dargi),makrobiotika, urinoTerapia, qarizmatuliglosolalia (anu enebzemetyveleba) da sxva.selinjeris msoflmxedvelobrivida religiuri Ziebebis procesi kargadaaasaxuli 1955-1965 wlebSi gamoqveynebulnawarmoebebSi, gansakuTrebiTki `freni da zuiSi~, sadac naTladCans, rom selinjeri dainteresebuliiyo sxvadasxva religiuri moZRvrebebiT:budizmiT, induizmiT, qristianobiT.zuisa da frenis dialogebis gacnobisasmkiTxvels SeiZleba moeCvenoskidec, rom mwerali zemoT CamoTvlilireligiebidan qristianobas aniWebdaupiratesobas. is TiTqos grZnobdakidec, rom adamianisTvis, visac TavSiyvelaferi areuli hqonda _ buda,kriSna, franCesko asizeli da viRachaidis bebia, SeuZlebeli iyo qristianobisgzaze dadgoma. aRsaniSnaviaisic, rom zui qristes RvTis Zed aRiarebda,mosesa da nebismierwinaswarmetyvelze maRla mdgomad.`bibliaSi iesos garda vin uwyoda, romCven CvenSi zeciur sasufevels vatarebT...RvTis Ze unda iyo, aseT ramesrom xvdebode~, eubneba zui Tavis das.bunebrivia, iesos RvTis Zed aRiarebisSemdeg adamians unda gaCenoda survilieklesiuri gamxdariyo. Tumca,selinjerisa da misi personaJis (zuis)SemTxvevaSi, romelic iesos uflis ZedmiiCnevs, msgavsi ram ar momxdara. ufrometic, TviT glasebis erT-erT warmomadgenels,kaTolike mRvdel ueikersacki gulis siRrmeSi Rrmad swamssulTa gadasaxlebis. ueikeri badisa dazuis Zmaa, uoltis tyupiscali, ai,rogor moixseniebs mas selinjerisprototipi mwerali-gandegili badiglasi: `Cemi Zma ueikeri amtkicebs (minda,imedi viqonio, rom misi moZRvariamas verasdros Seityobs), rom simoribevr saukeTeso leqsSi saocrad dasamaxsovrebelepizodebs gviyvebabenaresis gareubanSi, Tu feodaluriaponiaSi, Tu atlantidis metropolisSigatarebuli wina cxovrebisgamocdilebidan~. riTi SeiZleba aixsnaskaTolike mRvdlis aseTi gatacebasulTa gadasaxlebis vedanturiTeoriiT? saqmec isaa, rom selinjeri,da maSasadame, misi personaJebic, xandaxanramakriSnasa da vivekanandaspostulatebiT metyvelebdnen. aRmosavlurireligiebis es interpretatorebiki ar gamoricxavdnen, adamianierTdroulad ramdenime religiismimdevari yofiliyo. selinjeri qristianobazesaubrobda `didi vivekanandasmoZRvrebaze dayrdnobiT~ da arawminda mamebis. vivekanandas ki miaCnda,rom RmerTi erTi iyo, misken mimavaligza ki mravali. misTvis sul erTi iyo,adamiani romel gzas airCevda, mTavariiyo is RmerTTan misuliyo. vivekanandaar cnobda eklesias, misi azriT, adamianssunTqviTi varjiSebiT,filosofiiTa da sakuTar Tavze muSaobiTacki SeeZlo gasxivosneba. `ixileqriste, maSin iqnebi qristiani; sxva yvelaferilaybobaa~ _ ambobda is. daaxloebiTaseTive msoflmxedvelobahqonda selinjersac. miuxedavad imisa,rom `freni da zuiSi~ is didi siyvaruliTwerda `iesos locvis~ Sesaxeb,es jer kidev ar niSnavda imas, rommwerali ukve gaTavisuflebuli iyoaRmosavluri religiebis gavlenisgan.1965 wels gamoqveynebul bolo TxzulebaSi`hapuorTi 16, 1924~ is kvlav didavtoritetad miiCnevda vivekanandas.ase rom, dabejiTebiT SeiZleba ganvacxadoT,1955-65 wlebSi selinjerijer kidev religiuri Ziebebis proces-Si imyofeboda...Temur gabuniafreni da zui _religiuriZiebebi* * *Jurnal `niu iorkerSi~ gamoqveynebulimoTxrobebi _ `freni~ (1955 w.)da `zui~ (1957 w.) 1961 wels mweralma erTwignad gamosca. `freni da zuiSi~,glasebis didi ojaxis umcrosi Taobiswarmomadgenlebze Seqmnil nawarmoeb-Si, man kidev erTxel wamoWra is problemebi,romlebic Tavis droze romanis,`TamaSi Wvavis yanaSi~, personaJholden kolfildsac awuxebda. romanispirvelsave abzacSi selinjeri svamdamaradiul kiTxvas fulis diqtaturisSesaxeb, kerZod, unda damonebodaTu ara adamiani mas da (holdenisZmis d.b.-s msgavsad) unda gaeyida Tu arasakuTari niWi kargi anazRaurebis sanacvlod.aranaklebi zogadsakacobriomniSvnelobis kiTxvaa dasmuli`freni da zuiSi~, romelic daaxloebiTase SeiZleba CamovayaliboT:risTvis iRebs adamiani ganaTlebas?mxolod materialuri moTxovnilebebisdasakmayofileblad, kargi samsaxurisada xelfasis gamo Tu sibrZnisdasaufleblad? holden kolfildisaar iyos, am kiTxvasac kolejis studentisvams. kolfildsa da frenis Sorisaris garkveuli msgavseba, magram, amavedros, gansxvavebac. frenisac, misiwinamorbedis msgavsad, sxvadasxva religiismimdevari mSoblebi hyavs; isicver egueba TviTkmayofil, pragmatuladmoazrovne pedagogebsa da egoisturigrZnobebis karnaxiT mcxovrebTanatolebs, romelTaTvisac suliericxovreba mesamexarisxovani ramaa;masac mZafri Sinagani protestisgrZnoba gaaCnia ganaTlebis sistemisadmi.Tumca, holdenisa da frenis msoflmxedvelobaSiaris mniSvnelovanigansxvavebac. freni sulieri TavisuflebismiRwevas religiuri cxovrebi-Ta da locviT cdilobs. am TvalsazrisiTis holden kolfildis antipodia.Tuki holdens unda rom ilocosda ver axerxebs, freni gamudmebullocvaSia. mas CanTaSi erTi patara religiuriwigni udevs, rusi glexisSesaxeb, romelic Tavis samSobloSifexiT mogzaurobisas iesos locvas(ufalo ieso qriste, Semiwyale me)gamudmebiT imeorebda da cdilobdayvelasTvis Caegonebina, rom es iyoufalTan misvlis saukeTeso gza.frenic gamudmebiT loculobs, Tumca,wignSi aRwerili rusi glexisgan gansxvavebiT,is sulieri simSvidis mopovebasver axerxebs, radgan mas arc moZRvarihyavs da arc saTanado qristianuliganaTleba gaaCnia, rom procesi sworadwarmarTos. mas iesos locva budisturimantris msgavsi ram hgonia,raRac `aumisa~ da `namu amida bucus~(dideba budas) msgavsi da miaCnia, romiesos locvasac sabolood nirvanismsgavsi Sedegi unda mohyves. Tumca,piriqiT ki xdeba, imis nacvlad, romlocvam freni daamSvidos, is ufro agznebuliada irgvliv yvelasa da yvelafersakritikebs. mas ukve aRarcTavisi boifrendi mowons da aRarc misimegobari kempbeli, romlis saxelicvera da ver daimaxsovra. xolo rocaleini (misi boifrendi) sayvedurobs,bare ocjer mainc xarT Sexvedrilebida ratom ver ixsenebo, freni pasuxobs:`nu momiZuleb imis gamo, viRacis saxeliuceb Tu ar momagonda... saqme isaa,rom am oTxi wlis ganmavlobaSi sadacki waval, yvelgan uoli kempbelebi mxvdebian~.frenim ukve zepiradac kiicis, msgavsma vaJbatonebma rodis undadaiSaqron ena, rodis unda daiwyonWoraoba kolejis saerTo sacxovrebelSimcxovreb gogoebze, rodisunda gkiTxon, rogor gaatare zafxulio.kempbeli misTvis ukve sazogadosaxelia, aseTebiT savsea kolejebi...frenisa da leinis saubari ver ewyoba.gogona xvdeba, rom Tavisi boifrendimoatyua, roca uTxra, menatrebodio.frenis ukve misi komformizmicaRizianebs. leini prestiJuli kolejisstudentia, mas stumrad lamazi gogonaCamouvida uiqendis erTad gasatarebladda tradiciuli fexburTis mat-Cis sanaxavad. leini mas sadgurSi daxvda,mere ki frangul restoranSi waiyvana.roca komfortulad mokalaTda,martini mowrupa da Tvali sxva magidebsSeavlo, guli siamayiT aevso, freni misTanatolebTan uiqendze Camosulgogonebs bevrad jobda. leinis saxezeTviTkmayofileba aRibeWda, rac frenisar gamohparvia. ymawvilma, romelsacpativmoyvareobis grZnoba ukvezomaze metadac ki hqonda dakmayofilebuli,gadawyvita cota waetrabaxa.amjerad is Tavis eseize iwyebssaubars, romelic mis pedagogs moewonada urCia, sadme gamoaqveyneo. leinibrtyel-brtyelad laparakobs, is amayobsTavis TxzulebaSi floberis Sesaxebfsiqoanalizic rom axsena, radganmsgavsi literaturuli sakiTxebisgadawyveta froidis gareSe, misi azriT,marTebuli arc iqneboda...aq ukve frenis nervebma umtyuna. isTavis boifrends asistents adarebs,profesoris nacvlad rom Sedis xolmeleqciaze da Tavisi brtyel-brtyelilaparakiT yvelas tvins uburRavs.frenis sZuls sakuTar egoistur samyaroSiCaketili Tanatolebi, karierisgakeTebis maniiT rom arian Sepyrobilebi,ver itans maT sulier sicarieles.am TvalsazrisiT freni raRaciTholden kolfildsac ki hgavs, radganmasac zustad aseve sZulda is moswavleebi,romlebic mxolod imitom swavlobdnen,rom gamoqeqiliyvnen, kargisamsaxurebi eSovnaT da Zvirfasi manqanebiSeeZinaT. holdens maTi saubaricki aRizianebda `gauTavebeli ybedoba_ gogoebze, dalevaze, xvevna-kocnaze~.yvelas Tavisi banda hyavda daimaTTan trialebda... Tumca, holdenisgangansxvavebiT, freni ZiriTadad religiurikuTxiT udgeba ganaTlebissistemis kritikas. mas yvelaze metad iszaravs, rom mTeli im oTxi wlis ganmavlobaSi,kolejSi rom gaatara, zrdilobisgulisTvis erTxelac ki aravisuxsenebia sityva sibrZne an brZeni. maS,vis raSi sWirdeboda amgvari ganaTleba?ra saWiro iyo swavla, Tuki misi saboloomizani sibrZnis daufleba ariqneboda? saocari is iyo, rom mTeliim oTxi wlis ganmavlobaSi, kolejSirom swavlobda, frenis erTaderTi