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mixeil basilaZe<br />
gagrZeleba. dasawyisi<br />
ix. „qronika+” ##3-22.<br />
1918 wlis maisi. ra Tqma unda,<br />
gazeT „saqarTvelos” am Tvis mimoxilvis<br />
upirvelesi Tema saqarTvelos<br />
damoukideblobis gamocxadeba<br />
gaxlavT. Tu „saqarTvelos”<br />
maisis nomrebs gadavxedavT, naTlad<br />
gamoCndeba, rom Cvenma qveyanam<br />
damoukideblobis aqti metad<br />
mZime viTarebaSi miiRo. es is periodia,<br />
rodesac saqarTvelos Turquli<br />
armiis sasikvdilo safrTxe<br />
emuqreboda da amierkavkasia osmalTa<br />
sruli okupaciis saSiSroebis<br />
winaSe idga.<br />
sanam uSualod damoukideblobis<br />
gamocxadebis Temas SevexebiT,<br />
mokled gavixsenoT, Tu ra mdgomareoba<br />
Seiqmna amierkavkasiaSi<br />
1918 wlis maisis damdegs. 1918<br />
wlis aprilSi osmaleTsa da amierkavkasiis<br />
federacias Soris trapizonSi<br />
gamarTulma molaparakebam<br />
Sedegi ver gamoiRo, ris Semdegac<br />
Turqulma armiam qveynis sazRvrebi<br />
gadmolaxa da swrafad daiwyo<br />
brest-litovskis sazavo pirobebiT<br />
misTvis mikuTvnebuli teritoriebis<br />
dakaveba.<br />
osmalebma, praqtikulad, ubr-<br />
Zolvelad aiRes baTumi, sakuTar<br />
kontrols dauqvemdebares mTeli<br />
aWara, arTvini da ardagani; Sevidnen<br />
ozurgeTSi, mesxeT-javaxeTSi<br />
da borjomamde miaRwies. aseT vi-<br />
TarebaSi amierkavkasiis seimma osmalebTan<br />
axali molaparakeba wamoiwyo,<br />
romelic ukve okupirebul<br />
baTumSi dainiSna. am molaparakebas<br />
unda gadaewyvita axlad daarsebuli<br />
amierkavkasiis demokratiuli<br />
federaciuli respublikis sazRvrebi<br />
da misi momavali bedi.<br />
gazeTi „saqarTvelo” 1918 wlis<br />
6 maisi: „maisis 5-s, RamiT Tbilisidan<br />
baTumisken sagangebo matarebliT<br />
gaemgzavra amierkavkasiis<br />
sazavo delegacia. delegacias<br />
Tavmjdomareobs akaki Cxenkeli.<br />
delegaciis wevrebi arian: niko<br />
iakobis-Ze nikolaZe, mamed-hasan<br />
gajinski, mamed emin-rasul-zade,<br />
r.i. kaCaznuni da a.i. xatisovi. delegaciaSi<br />
Sedian agredve generali<br />
i.z. odiSeliZe, polkovniki g.g. yorRanovi,<br />
profesorebi: i.s. Rambarovi<br />
da z.n. avaliSvili, vaWrobamrewvelobis<br />
saministrodan giorgi<br />
Juruli da qiqoZe. osmaleTis<br />
delegacias vexib-faSis meTaurobiT<br />
baTomSi maisis 6-s moelodnen”.<br />
sagulisxmoa, Tu ra mdgomareoba<br />
iyo Turqebis mier okupirebul<br />
baTumSi. amis Taobaze gazeTi<br />
„saqarTvelo” maisis nomrebSi periodulad<br />
aqveynebs informacias,<br />
romelic ZiriTadad TviTmxilvelTa<br />
monayols eyrdnoba. gamoqveynebuli<br />
cnobebis mixedviT Cans,<br />
rom okupaciis Semdeg Turqebi<br />
qalaqSi wesrigis dacvas cdilobdnen<br />
da adgilobrivi mosaxleobis<br />
mimarT zedmeti simkacris gamoCenas<br />
eridebodnen.<br />
erT-erT aseT informacias<br />
gazeTi 1918 wlis 18 maiss aqveynebs<br />
saTauriT, „mdgomareoba ba-<br />
TumSi”: „qalaqSi cxovreba mimqralia.<br />
maRaziebi da dawesebulebebi<br />
daketilia. osmalebi kargad eqcevian<br />
mosaxleobas, albaT hsurT<br />
xalxis TvalebSi Tavisi prestiJi<br />
aswion. qalaqis Zveli mmarTveloba<br />
isev arsebobs; emsaxureba qalaqis<br />
sameurneo interesebs da sruliad<br />
ar ereva politikaSi. gaqceul<br />
moqalaqeTa qoneba dabeWdilia<br />
da osmalebi icaven. qalaqSi wesrigs<br />
icavs osmalTa Jandarmeria<br />
da asasebi (gorodovebi). sisufTaves<br />
kargad icaven. jariskacebi<br />
abanoSi kviraSi erTxel dadian...<br />
mosaxleoba damSvidda. Coloyisa<br />
da ozurgeTisken 8-10 aTasi osmalos<br />
reguliaruli jariskacia. mz-<br />
294 69 77; qronikaqronika@gmail.com<br />
veravTa Tanamdebobas da sagzao<br />
instruqtorebis saqmes aWarlebi<br />
asruleben. sursaTs jari trapizonidan<br />
ezideba. bolo xanebSi osmalebi<br />
qalaqidan aRaravis ar uSveben.<br />
albaT es sazavo molaparakebidan<br />
aris gamowveuli...<br />
qalaqSi sursaTis nixri aseTia:<br />
osmalTa mosvlamde 1 girvanqa xorci<br />
Rirda 4,5 maneTi, exla 3 mane-<br />
Ti. 1 gir. Tevzi 3 maneTi exla 1<br />
maneTi. 1 gir. yveli 6 maneTi, exla<br />
4 man. mwvanilic 20-25 procentiT<br />
gaiafda. Cveni yovelnairi fuli<br />
xmarebaSia.<br />
trapizonis samSvidobo konferenciisgan<br />
gansxvavebiT, baTumis<br />
SexvedrisTvis amirkavkasiis federaciis<br />
mdgomareoba sagrZnoblad<br />
damZimda. Tu trapizonSi TurqeTi<br />
ZiriTadad brest-litovskis sazavo<br />
pirobebis Sesrulebas moiTxovda,<br />
amJamad osmalTa mada gaizarda<br />
da samSvidobo SeTanxmebis sanacvlod<br />
isini axal pirobas ayenebdnen:<br />
TurqeTi kavkasiaSi im poziciis<br />
dabrunebas cdilobda, romelic<br />
man 1828-1829 wlebSi ruseT-<br />
Tan omis Sedegad dakarga. saqar-<br />
Tvelos SemTxvevaSi es osmalTa<br />
mflobelobaSi mTeli mesxeT-javaxeTis<br />
gadacemas niSnavda.<br />
14 maiss TurqeTma ultimatumi<br />
wamoayena, romelic amierkavkasiis<br />
federacias daqvemdebarebuli samxedro<br />
nawilebis aleqsandropolis-julfas<br />
xazis iqiT gayvanas<br />
iTvaliswinebda. Turqebi baqosken<br />
gasasvlelis mopovebas cdilobdnen.<br />
am ultimatumze amierkavkasiis<br />
mTavrobis protestma Sedegi ar<br />
gamoiRo.<br />
ultimatumis gamocxadebidan<br />
erT dRis Semdeg, 15 maiss, Turqebi<br />
somxeTSi SeiWrnen da aleqsandropoli,<br />
dRevandeli giumri daikaves.<br />
saqarTvelos dedaqalaqamde<br />
Turqebi sul ramdenime dRis<br />
savalSi imyofebodnen.<br />
23 maiss gazeTi „saqarTvelo”<br />
amierkavkasiis federaciuli respublikis<br />
oficialur samTavrobo<br />
cnobas aqveynebs, romelic somex<br />
general nazarbekovis informacias<br />
eyrdnoba: „miuxedavad imisa, rom<br />
droebiT zavia gamocxadebuli, osmalebi<br />
samxedro moqmedebas ganagrZoben<br />
da karaklisis frontisken<br />
moiweven. dRes sofel avdibelididan<br />
Cvenebi gamodevnes. cnobebi<br />
miviReT, rom osmalebs Tbilisis<br />
gzatkeciliT didi Zalebi gamougzavniaT<br />
loris raionisken. gvaqvs<br />
agreTve cnobebi, rom maT ganzraxuli<br />
aqvT karakilisze da Semdeg<br />
Tbilisze wamosvla”.<br />
mTavrobas, jerjerobiT, aravi-<br />
Tari namdvili cnobebi ar moepoveba<br />
osmalTa moaxlovebis Sesaxeb.<br />
Tu nazarbegovis cnoba gamarTlda,<br />
Tbilisis raions safrTxe elis.<br />
mTavrobam general nazarbegovis<br />
cnoba acnoba baTomSi myof Cvens<br />
sazavo delegacias da mosTxova,<br />
rom dauyovnebliv SeCerebul iqnas<br />
osmalTa jarebis win wamoweva,<br />
Tu isini marTla moiweven win. pasuxi<br />
Tavis droze iqmneba gamoqveynebuli.<br />
magram rogorc unda datrialdes<br />
saqme, mTavroba yovelive<br />
zomebs miiRebs, moqalaqeTa qonebis<br />
da sicocxlis dasacavad da<br />
mouwodebs mcxovreblebs, rom uSfoTvelad<br />
darCnen”.<br />
saqarTvelos somxeTidan devnilTa<br />
uzarmazari nakadi moawyda.<br />
TurqTa SiSiT dedawulianad ayrili<br />
somxebi Cvens qveyanaSi, jer<br />
kidev, pirvel maiss gamoCndnen,<br />
rodesac osmalTa armiam yarsi ai-<br />
Ro. gazeTis cnobiT, devnilTa ricxvi<br />
ramdenime aseul aTass aWarbebda.<br />
sagazeTo publikaciebSi<br />
mravlad aris mowodeba ubeduri<br />
devnilebis daxmarebisa da gulmowyalebis<br />
Sesaxeb, magram amasTanave<br />
gazeTi „saqarTvelo” im mosalodnel<br />
safrTxeebzec miuTiTebs,<br />
romelic somexi ltolvilebisgan<br />
SeiZleboda Seqmnoda Cvens<br />
qveyanas.<br />
gazeTi „saqarTvelo” 1918 wlis<br />
ucnobi<br />
1918 wlis<br />
16 maisi: „kaliasaviT moedo Cvens<br />
qveyanas somex ltolvilTa talRa.<br />
aTasobiT, asiaTasobiT saxldeba<br />
CvenSi ucxo elementi, ucxo tomisa<br />
da kulturis xalxi... brbo gaunaTlebeli,<br />
gaborotebuli, uaRresad<br />
Sovinistur azrebiT gamsWvaluli...<br />
modis da edeba Cvens<br />
qveyanas, mkvidrad saxldeba aq, Cvenis<br />
SorsgamWvret da lmobier mTavrobis<br />
yovelgvaris daxmarebiT da<br />
xelis SewyobiT...<br />
sxvadasxva agitatorebi daZvrebian<br />
am brboSi. aTass provokacias<br />
avrceleben: Tqveni ubeduroba<br />
qarTvelebis bralia, qarTvelebma<br />
giRalates, Tqveni miwa-wyali sxvas<br />
misces, axla Tqven imaTsas daepatroneTo.<br />
somxeTa erovnuli sab-<br />
Wo, rogorc Cvens gazeTSiac iyo<br />
ukve aRniSnuli, ukrZalavs gadmoxvewilebs<br />
saqarTvelodan gasvlas,<br />
saqarTvelos sazRvrebis gacilebas...<br />
dRes, rodesac somxobis gamamagrebeli<br />
ruseTis TviTmpyrobeloba<br />
aRar aris, rodesac sasikvdilod<br />
daiWra ruseTis imperializmi<br />
da ifxvreba ruseTis orientacia,<br />
roca gahqra is reali gareSe Zala,<br />
romelsac eyrdnoboda mudam somxeTi<br />
da romelzec aSenebda Taviss<br />
politikur zraxvaT, roca dRis<br />
wesrigSi dasmulia amierkavkasiis<br />
erTa saboloo teritorialuri<br />
gadamijvna, _ somexTa meTaurT<br />
iseTs radikalurs saSualebas mihmarTes,<br />
rogoric aris mSvidobiani<br />
dapyroba Cveni qveynisa, ltolvilTa<br />
mowyobis saxiT somexTa<br />
saqarTveloSi gadmosaxlebis warmoeba,<br />
saqarTvelos miwa-wyalze<br />
somxobis absolutur umravlesobis<br />
Seqmna...<br />
Cven didad gvebraleba somxis<br />
eri, rom is Tavis meTaurTa uniWobiT,<br />
maTis becis politikis wyalobiT,<br />
saSinels gansacdelSi Cavarda,<br />
magram Tu somxobasa surs Tavisi<br />
ubeduroba Cvenis uaresis ubedurobiT<br />
gamoasworos, Tavisi<br />
momavali bedi Cvens ubedobaze aaSenos<br />
_ nuras ukacravad, Tu<br />
mokrZalebiT movaxsenebT, rom Sin<br />
rom bavSvebi stiroden, gared tablad<br />
ra unda, jer Tavoda Tavo.<br />
jer saqarTvelo da Semdeg<br />
haestanis idumali zraxvani...”<br />
werili sakmaod radikalur<br />
tonSia dawerili da avtori, pirvel<br />
rigSi, saqarTvelos interesebs<br />
icavda. am statiidan ise gamodioda,<br />
rom umZimesi saSiSroebis winaSe<br />
mdgari uamravi somexi erovnebis<br />
adamianisTvis saqarTvelos xelisuflebas<br />
sazRvari unda Caeketa<br />
da isini sasikvdilod gaewira.<br />
samarTlianoba moiTxovs aRiniSnos,<br />
rom 19 maisis nomerSi gaze-<br />
Ti sul sxva suliskveTebis gancxadebasac<br />
aqveynebs, romelic mosaxleobas<br />
devnilTa daxmarebi-<br />
sken mouwodebs: „moqalaqeno! is<br />
moqalaqeni, rasac ganicdian gamoqceulni,<br />
yvela erovnebisani, Seu-<br />
Zlebelia aiweros: avadmyofni,<br />
CaWleqianebulni, SimSil-titvelni<br />
morbian dangreul-gacamtverebul<br />
sakuTar ojaxs mowyvetilni.<br />
ara Tu TviTeul moqalaqis<br />
movaleoba gvaiZulebs am sacodav-<br />
Ta dasaxmareblad gauwodon xeli,<br />
aramed imisi Segnebac, rom am gamoqceulTa<br />
Soris vrceldeba aTasgvari<br />
avadmyofoba, ris gavrcelebac<br />
SeuZlianT CvenSi, Tu droze<br />
ar mivepatroneT.<br />
aucilebliv saWiroa: 1) sacvlebi<br />
mamakacisa, dedakacisa da bavSvebisa;<br />
2) tanTsamosi, Tundac Zveli.<br />
sacvlebis Sovna fuliTac ki<br />
gaZnelebulia. saWiroa sakuTari<br />
sacvlis nawili gaiRoT.<br />
sacvlebisa da tanisamosis miReba<br />
SeiZleba qalTa pirvel gimnaziaSi<br />
(loris meliqovis quCa), gamoqceulTa<br />
ganyofilebaSi, dilis<br />
aT saaTidan samamde, yoveldRe<br />
kvira-uqmiTac ki”.<br />
Tumca davubrundeT isev Ziri-<br />
Tad Temas da osmalTa okupaciis<br />
safrTxes. 24 maiss gazeTSi gamoCnda<br />
informacia, rom saboloo zavis<br />
Sekvramde, osmalebi samxedro sa-<br />
WiroebisTvis, amierkavkasiis rkinigziT<br />
sargeblobas moiTxovdnen.<br />
winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi isini mTeli<br />
amierkavkasiis okupaciiT imuqrebodnen.<br />
Tumca osmalTa mflobelobaSi<br />
baqo-baTumis sarkinigzo<br />
xazis gadacema, realurad, isedac<br />
okupacias niSnavda.<br />
moaxloebuli safrTxis pirobebSi<br />
Tbilisis gamgeobam qalaqis<br />
TavdacvisTvis mzadeba daiwyo.<br />
amasTan dakavSirebiT qalaqis sab-<br />
Wom Sesabamisi rezoluciac miiRo,<br />
romelsac gazeTi „saqarTve-<br />
lo” 24 maiss aqveynebs: „qalaqis<br />
sabWos ara Cveulebriv sxdomaze 5<br />
saaTi imsjeles qalaqis dacvis<br />
Sesaxeb, im SemTxvevaSi Tu qalaqs<br />
osmalebi mouaxlovdebian. Ramis 3<br />
saaTze gamoitanes Semdegi rezoliucia:<br />
sabWo esalmeba centralur<br />
organos, romelic kisrulobs<br />
qalaqis dacvas, rogorc anarqiisgan,<br />
ise moaxlovebul mtrisgan.<br />
30<br />
30 N23 (244) 10.07-16.07.2018 w.
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