Talibanrörelsens uppkomst och drivkrafter - Svenska ...

FOI-R--3243--SE
Summary
The aim to this study is to give an in depth description of those destructive
forces, inside and outside of Afghanistan, that oppose the international
intervention and contend its goals. Over the last few years, the Afghan Taliban
have expanded their area of operations to include almost the whole country.
Factors driving this development have been the increasing weakness of the
Afghan government as much as the growing strength of the Taliban. As long as
corruption permeates the country‟s institutions, the Taliban will – in spite of the
terror methods they often use - remain a political factor to be taken into account.
Another prerequisite is support from Pakistan, mainly through elements within
the security service.
The insurgence in Afghanistan is fighting the government, as well as its
international allies. It is composed by various branches. The Quetta shura led by
Mullah Omar is the largest and most important. The Haqqani network recognizes
Mullah Omar as its leader but has a distinct character, through its close
collaboration with Pakistan‟s security service, its more internationalist approach
and its links to al-Qaeda. The Hezb-e Islami (Gulbuddin), HIG, on the other
hand, operates independently, albeit often in cooperation with the Taliban on the
local level. All these movements are based in safe havens in Pakistani areas
bordering Afghanistan, in particular the semiautonomous FATA region.
In FATA, a separate Pakistani Taliban movement has also come forward, which
now - even if it collaborates with the Afghan organizations – primarily attacks
symbols of the Pakistani state and has turned out to be more extremist than the
original Taliban. Both the Afghan Taliban movements and their Pakistani
counterpart collaborate with a number of Islamist jihad movements based mainly
in Southern Punjab. Thus, the Taliban insurgence has become a transnational
phenomenon which can no longer be treated as an Afghan internal affair.
Keywords: Afghanistan, Pakistan, Pashtunistan, Taliban, jihad movements,
negotiations, corruption, criminal networks
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