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N.V. Kolari MENADŽMENT U SAOBRAAJU ORGANIZACIJA STRUKTURE SAOBRAAJNOG SISTEMA I POSLOVANJA SAOBRAAJNIH PREDUZEA integrisati u razliite oblike organizacije i vlasništva. To znai da se u saobraajnim granama fleksibilne strukture organizaciona struktura grane formira „odozdo nagore''. Unutrašnja organizacija (mikrologistika organizacija funkcije poslovnog sistema), odnosno poslovna logistika u preduzeima grana fleksibilne strukture iskljuivo je pravo i nadležnost samih preduzea. Organizacija, praktino, može biti razliita u svakom pojedinanom preduzeu, i može biti, a zapravo i jeste, razliita po granama saobraaja. 4.2.2. MAKROORGANIZACIONA STRUKTURA PREDUZEA PO GRANAMA SAOBRAAJA (1) Drumski saobraaj Prevoz u drumskom saobraaju obavljaju saobraajna preduzea za prevoz robe i putnika, a delimo ih na: a) autosaobraajna preduzea kojima je saobraaj osnovna delatnost; b) preduzea kojima je saobraaj sporedna delatnost, tj. razliite privredne organizacije koje se delatnošu saobraaja bave za sopstvene potrebe. a) Autosaobraajna preduzea kojima je saobraaj osnovna delatnost Osnovni organizacioni oblik u ovoj grani predstavlja prevoz koji obavljaju autosaobraajna preduzea registrovana za vršenje saobraaja kao osnovne delatnosti. Kada se govori o organizacionoj strukturi grane, onda se pod tom strukturom podrazumeva struktura saobraajnih 140 158
N.V. Kolari MENADŽMENT U SAOBRAAJU ORGANIZACIJA STRUKTURE SAOBRAAJNOG SISTEMA I POSLOVANJA SAOBRAAJNIH PREDUZEA preduzea kojima je obavljanje prevoza u drumskom saobraaju ujedno i osnovna delatnost. Ova struktura saobraajne grane može se posmatrati sa stanovišta: vrste saobraajne usluge; veliine preduzea po kapacitetima; i teritorijalnog delovanja preduzea. Sa stanovišta vrste saobraajne usluge preduzea u grani drumskog saobraaja mogu se dalje razvrstati prema užoj specijalnosti na: autosaobraajna preduzea koja vrše prevoz putnika i robe; i ostala preduzea javnog saobraaja koja vrše utovar, pretovar, skladištenja, remont itd. Struktura autosaobraajnih preduzea koju su sainjavala preduzea koja se bave prevozom i putnika i robe bila je dominantna u periodu razvoja industrijalizacije. Paralelno s procesima koncentracije i specijalizacije proizvodnje i uspostavljanja izdiferenciranih tokova robe i putnika razvijala se i tendencija formiranja specijalizovanih preduzea u drumskom saobraaju za pojedine vrste prevoza, kako u robnom tako i u putnikom saobraaju. Što su privrede pojedinih zemalja postajale razvijenije, to su se i procesi specijalizacije prevoza pojaavali. Sa stanovišta veliine preduzea po kapacitetima, preduzea se dele na: mala preduzea; srednja preduzea; i velika preduzea. 141 159
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