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N.V. Kolari MENADŽMENT U SAOBRAAJU KARAKTERISTIKE SAOBRAAJA KAO ORGANIZACIONOG SISTEMA U PRIVREDI Kada se obavlja izgradnja i nabavka novih kapaciteta i na taj nain izvršava proširenje postojeih kapaciteta, to oznaava prelazak u višu zonu zaposlenosti kapaciteta. U tom sluaju menja se i struktura troškova. U prethodno prikazanoj strukturi troškova poveavaju se relativno zavisni troškovi. Ovi se troškovi poveavaju skokovito, a u narednoj (višoj) zoni zaposlenosti ponašaju se kao fiksni. Pri svakom proširenju kapaciteta ponovo se poveavaju skokovito i u svojoj masi, i ostaju kao fiksni do ponovnog proširenja kapaciteta. Troškovi po jedinici usluge pri prelasku u sledeu zonu skau, a zatim s rastom obima usluga degresivno opadaju. Grafiki prikaz njihove dinamike je sledei: T T Op Op U razvojnoj politici preduzee mora voditi rauna o obimu proširenja kapaciteta, tj. da prelazak u višu zonu bude takav da kapaciteti ne ostaju nezaposleni. Jer, u sluaju da kapaciteti ostanu nezaposleni, nee uslediti degresija troškova koja opravdava proširenje kapaciteta. Grafiki, ovaj se proces može prikazati na sledei nain: 394 412
N.V. Kolari MENADŽMENT U SAOBRAAJU KARAKTERISTIKE SAOBRAAJA KAO ORGANIZACIONOG SISTEMA U PRIVREDI T I T II Op T T Op Ovi grafikoni pokazuju da postoji oigledna razlika u dinamici troškova po jedinici usluge u zavisnosti od izbora naina upošljavanja kapaciteta. U prvoj varijanti, na grafikonu I (levo), kapaciteti su proširivani više nego što je tražnja rasla. Stoga krive troškova 395 413 Op Op
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Dr Nebojša V. Kolari MENADŽMENT U
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