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N.V. Kolari MENADŽMENT U SAOBRAAJU KARAKTERISTIKE SAOBRAAJA KAO ORGANIZACIONOG SISTEMA U PRIVREDI Proizilazi da se merenje parcijalne ekonominosti u suštini svodi na analitiko razlaganje globalne ekonominosti koja se može izraziti i u obliku: Qrtkm E = R + M + S Parcijalna ekonominost užih organizacionih nivoa (pogona, jedinica, grupa radnih mesta i pojedinih procesa rada) može se meriti iskljuivo pokazateljima bruto rada, kao analitiko razlaganje globalne ekonominosti i to u svrhu preduzimanja mera za snižavanje pojedinih troškova. U tom sluaju se kao brojilac uzimaju pokazatelji bruto rada kojima se želi izmeriti bruto rad užih organizacionih delova preduzea, tj. posebno izdvojenih procesa rada. S obzirom na to da se odreeni broj pokazatelja bruto rada po pojedinim procesima rada organizacionih jedinica ne može svesti na zajedniku jedinicu mere, ekonominost se može meriti na bazi normiranih i ostvarenih troškova (na primer u železnikom saobraaju, za jednu stanicu ili pogon): gde je: Qpv E P Q = pv × C pv + Qut × Cut + Q R + M + S op × C obim (broj) propuštenih vozova; Qut broj utovarenih tona robe; Qop obim (broj) otpremljenih putnika; i Cpv / ut / op normirana cena koštanja odnosnih procesa rada. 414 op 432
N.V. Kolari MENADŽMENT U SAOBRAAJU KARAKTERISTIKE SAOBRAAJA KAO ORGANIZACIONOG SISTEMA U PRIVREDI Ekonominost pojedinih saobraajnih relacija, odnosno pruga, može se meriti i kvantitativnom metodom, i to na sledei nain: E rel. Q = ntkm E rel × C Q = T ili ntkm brtkm + Q pkm R + M + S × C pkm V = T Treba, meutim, imati na umu da u sluaju merenja ekonominosti pojedinih relacija veliki uticaj može imati priliv saobraaja s drugih deonica ija se ekonominost, opet, utvruje zasebno, pa postoji mogunost preklapanja rezultata ukoliko metodologija analize nije detaljno razložena. 39 4.3. METODI MERENJA I ANALIZE RENTABILNOSTI SAOBRAAJA Rentabilnost predstavlja princip ekonomije proizvodnje koji izražava cilj preduzea da se ostvari što vei dohodak, tj. što vea dobit, sa što manje uloženih (angažovanih) sredstava za proizvodnju. Ovaj princip je po sadržaju sveobuhvatniji od oba prethodna principa, jer sadrži sve njihove efekte. Vea rentabilnost može se ostvariti ako se dohodak, odnosno dobit povea brže nego vrednost sredstava angažovanih za proizvodnju. To se može ostvarivati veom produktivnošu i ekonominošu proizvodnje. Poveanjem produktivnosti poveava se obim proizvodnje, a poveanjem ekonominosti snižavaju se 415 433
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