bhasha_v.pdf

lsµdgk¡ ls] ogk¡ ls] vkxs lsA
dkµdgk¡ dk] tgk¡ dk] tc dkA
ijµ;gk¡ ij] tgk¡ ijA
190 / fganh O;kdj.k
laKkvksa dh dkjd jpuk
309- foHkfä;ksa ds ;ksx ds igys laaKkvksa dk tks :ikarj gksrk gS mls foÑr
:i dgrs gSa( tSlsµ^?kksM+k* 'kCn ds ^us* foHkfä ds ;ksx ls ,dopu esa ^?kksM+s* vkSj
cgqopu esa ^?kksM+ksa* gks tkrk gSA blfy, ^?kksM+s* vkSj ^?kksM+ksa* foÑr :i gSaA foHkfäjfgr
drkZ vkSj deZ dks NksM+dj vkSj 'ks"k dkjd] ftuesa laKk ok loZuke dk foÑr
:i vkrk gS] foÑr dkjd dgykrs gSaA
310- ,dopu esa foÑr :i dk izR;; ^,* gS] tks dsoy fganh vkSj mnwZ
¼rn~Hko½ vkdkjkar iaq¯Yyx laKkvksa esa yxk;k tkrk gS( tSlsµyM+dkµyM+ds us]
?kksM+kµ?kksM+s us] lksukµlksus dk] ijnkµijns esa] vaèkkµgs vaèks] bR;kfn ¼ns- vadµ289½
¼d½ fganh vkdkjkar laKkvksa ok fo'ks"k.kksa esa ^iu* ls tks Hkkookpd laKk,¡
curh gSa] muds vkxs foHkfä vkus ij ewy laKk ok fo'ks"k.k dk :i foÑr
gksrk gS( tSlsµdM+kiuµdM+siu dks] xqaMkiuµxqaMsiu ls] cfgjkiuµcfgjsiu esa
bR;kfnA
vi-µ¼1½ lacksèku dkjd ^csVk* esa 'kCnksa dk :i cgqèkk ugha cnyrk(
tSlsµvjs csVk vk¡[k [kksyks* ¼lR;-½A ^csVk! mBA* ¼j?kq-½A
vi-µ¼2½ ftu vkdkjkar iqā Yyx 'kCnksa dk :i foHkfäjfgr cgqopu esa
ugha cnyrk os ,dopu esa Hkh foÑr :i esa ugha vkrs ¼ns- vadµ289 vkSj viokn½(
tSlsµ jktk us] dkdk dks] nkjksxk ls] nsork esa] jkecksyk dk bR;kfnA
vi-µ¼3½ Hkkjrh; izfl) LFkkuksa ds O;fäokpd vkdkjkar iaqfYayx ukeksa
dks NksM+] 'ks"k ns'kh rFkk eqlyekuh LFkkuokpd vkdkjkar iqā Yyx 'kCn dk foÑr
:i fodYi ls gksrk gSµtSlsµ^ vkxjs dk vk;k gqvk* ¼xqVdk-½A ^dydÙks ds egyksa
esa* ¼f'ko-½A ^bl ikVfyiq=k ¼iVus½ ds fo"k; esa* ¼eqnzk-½A ^jktiwrkus esa]* ^njHkaxs
dh Qly* ¼f'k{kk½A ^njHkaxk ls ¼lj-½A ^fNanokM+k esa ;k fNanokM+s esa* ^cljk ls
ok cljs ls* bR;kfnA
izR;;oknµik'pkR; LFkkuksa ds vkSj dbZ ns'kh LFkkuksa ds vkdkjkar iaq¯Yyx
uke vfoÑr jgrs gSa( tSlsµvÝhdk] vesfjdk] vkLVsªfy;k] yklk] jhok¡]
ukHkk] dksVk vkfnA
vi-µ¼4½ tc fdlh fodkjh vkdkjkar ¼laKk vFkok nwljs 'kCn½ ds lkFk
dkjd ds ckn ogh 'kCn vkrk gS] rc iwoZ 'kCn cgqèkk vfoÑr jgrk gS( tSlsµdksBk
dk dksBk] tSlk dk rSlkA