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AGKYRA <strong>25</strong>.ASF1 5/5/07 12:54 AM Page 11<br />
òAÁ΢ڷ \EÏapple›‰Ô˜<br />
apple¤Ú·Ó ÙáÓ ôÏÏˆÓ âapple·Ú¯ÈáÓ, η› Ùɘ 剛·˜ Ùɘ<br />
∫ˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙÈÓÔ˘applefiψ˜ Ùfi 1204, öıÂÛ ÔéÛÈ·-<br />
ÛÙÈÎfi Ù¤ÚÌ· ÛÙ‹ μ˘˙·ÓÙÈÓ‹ åÛ¯‡. ^∏ àÓ¿ÎÙËÛË<br />
Ùɘ μ·ÛÈÏÂ‡Ô˘Û·˜ Ùfi 1261 àapplefi ÙÔ‡˜ apple·ÏÈÔ‡˜<br />
Ù˘ ôÚ¯ÔÓÙ˜, appleÔ‡ Âr¯·Ó ηٷʇÁÂÈ ÛÙ‹<br />
¡›Î·È· Ùɘ ª. \∞Û›·˜ (̤ ‚·ÛÈÏÈ¿ appleϤÔÓ ÙfiÓ<br />
ªÈ¯·‹Ï ∏ã ·Ï·ÈÔÏfiÁÔ) ‰¤ ı¿ ÂrÓ·È âapple·Ú΋˜<br />
ÁÈ¿ Ó¿ àÓ·ÛÙ‹ÛÂÈ Î·› Ùfi ¬ÏÔ apple·Ï·Èfi ÎÚ¿ÙÔ˜<br />
ÛÙ‹Ó appleÚÔÙ¤Ú· ÙÔ˘ âıÓÈ΋ ÌÔÚÊ‹ η› öÎÙ·ÛË<br />
ÔûÙ ı¿ ÙÔÜ âappleÈÙÚ¤„ÂÈ appleÔÙ¤ Ó¿ àÓ·ÎÙ‹ÛÂÈ Ù‹Ó<br />
appleÔÏÈÙÈ΋, ÛÙÚ·ÙȈÙÈ΋ η› ÔåÎÔÓÔÌÈ΋ ‰‡Ó·-<br />
ÌË, appleÔ‡ Âr¯Â appleÚfi ÙáÓ ºÚ·ÁÎÈÎáÓ âappleȉÚÔÌáÓ.<br />
Δfi 1449 ÛÙfi ıÚfiÓÔ Ùɘ ∫ˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙÈÓÔ‡appleÔÏ˘<br />
àÓ‚·›ÓÂÈ ï ∫ˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙ›ÓÔ˜ ·Ï·ÈÔÏfiÁÔ˜,<br />
‰ÂÛapplefiÙ˘ ÙÔÜ ª˘ÛÙÚÄ Î·› à‰ÂÏÊfi˜ ÙÔÜ<br />
\πˆ¿ÓÓÔ˘ ·Ï·ÈÔÏfiÁÔ˘, appleÔ‡ âÓ Ùˇá<br />
ÌÂٷ͇ Âr¯Â appleÂı¿ÓÂÈ. ^√ Ó¤Ô˜ ‚·ÛÈ-<br />
ÏÈ¿˜ ‚ÚÉΠÙfi ÎÚ¿ÙÔ˜ Û¤ ôıÏÈ·<br />
ηٿÛÙ·ÛË, àappleÔÙÂÏÔÜÛ appleϤÔÓ<br />
è¯Ú‹ àÓ¿ÌÓËÛË Ùɘ ôÏÏÔÙÂ<br />
ÎÚ·Ù·ÈĘ ·éÙÔÎÚ·ÙÔÚ›·˜. Δfi<br />
μ˘˙¿ÓÙÈÔ âÎÙfi˜ àapplefi Ù‹Ó ∫ˆÓ-<br />
ÛÙ·ÓÙÈÓÔ‡appleÔÏË, appleÂÚÈÔÚÈ˙fi-<br />
Ù·Ó ÛÙ¿ ÊÚÔ‡ÚÈ· Ùɘ ËÏ˘-<br />
‚Ú›·˜, ªÂÛËÌ‚Ú›·˜ η›<br />
\∞Á¯È¿ÏÔ˘, ÛÙ‹Ó ÂÏÔapplefiÓÓË-<br />
ÛÔ Î·› Û¤ ÌÂÚÈο ÓËÛÈ¿ ÙÔÜ<br />
∞åÁ·›Ô˘. ^∏ appleÚˆÙÂ‡Ô˘Û·, ì<br />
ÌËÙÚfiappleÔÏË ÙÔÜ ^∂ÏÏËÓÈÛÌÔÜ,<br />
Ùfi appleÔÏ˘¿ÓıÚˆappleÔ ÛÙ·˘ÚÔ-<br />
‰ÚfiÌÈ ÙÚÈáÓ äapple›ڈÓ, Âr¯Â Û˘Ú-<br />
ÚÈÎÓˆıÂÖ Î·› ï appleÏËı˘ÛÌfi˜ Ù˘ ‰¤Ó ñappleÂÚ¤‚·È-<br />
Ó ٛ˜ 100.000 „˘¯¤˜. ÃÚ‹Ì·Ù· ‰¤Ó ñappleÉÚ¯·Ó.<br />
^∏ÁÂÛ›·, ÎÏÉÚÔ˜ η› Ï·fi˜ qÙ·Ó ‰È¯·Ṳ̂ÓÔÈ Û¤<br />
«ëÓˆÙÈÎÔ‡˜» η› «àÓıÂÓˆÙÈÎÔ‡˜». ∫·ÌÈ¿<br />
ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋ àapplefiÊ·ÛË ‰¤Ó Âr¯Â åÛ¯‡ ¯ˆÚ›˜ Ù‹<br />
Û‡ÌʈÓË ÁÓÒÌË ÙÔÜ Ô˘ÏÙ¿ÓÔ˘. ÷ڷÎÙËÚÈ-<br />
ÛÙÈÎfi ÂrÓ·È ¬ÙÈ ì àÓ¿ÚÚËÛË ÛÙfi ıÚfiÓÔ ÙÔÜ<br />
Ó¤Ô˘ ‚·ÛÈÏÈ¿ öÁÈÓ ̤ Ù‹Ó öÁÎÚÈÛË ÙÔÜ ÛÔ˘Ï-<br />
Ù¿ÓÔ˘.<br />
^√ apple·Ú·ÙÂٷ̤ÓÔ˜ ¯ÂÈÌÒÓ·˜ appleÔ‡ ÛÎÂapple¿˙ÂÈ<br />
Ù‹Ó ^∞Á›· ÔÊ›· ôÚ¯ÈÛ ӿ appleÏËÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ àappleÂÈÏË-<br />
ÙÈο Ù‹Ó ôÓÔÈÍË ÙÔÜ 1453 ̤ Ù‹ ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚË<br />
appleÔÏÈÔÚΛ· appleÔ‡ ÁÓÒÚÈÛ ì ∫ˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙÈÓÔ‡appleÔÏË<br />
àapplefi ÙÔ‡˜ \√ıˆÌ·ÓÔ‡˜ ÙÔÜ Ó·ÚÔÜ ªÂ¯Ì¤Ù<br />
ÙÔÜ ÔÚıËÙÉ. ^∏ appleÔÏÈÔÚΛ· Ùɘ ‚·ÛÈχԢ-<br />
Û·˜ ôÚ¯ÈÛ ÛÙ›˜ 6 \∞appleÚÈÏ›Ô˘ 1453. ¢¤Ó ı¿<br />
appleÂÚÈÁÚ¿„ˆ Ù›˜ appleÔÏÂÌÈΤ˜ âappleȯÂÈÚ‹ÛÂȘ.<br />
≠√̈˜ ı¿ ÙÔÓ›Ûˆ Ù‹ ÁÂÓÓ·ÈfiÙËÙ· ÙáÓ ñappleÂÚ·-<br />
ÛappleÈÛÙáÓ Ùɘ ∫ˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙÈÓÔ‡appleÔÏ˘, Ôî ïappleÔÖÔÈ<br />
̤ Ûı¤ÓÔ˜ àapple¤ÎÚÔ˘Û·Ó Ù›˜ Ï˘ÛÛÒ‰ÂȘ âappleÈı¤-<br />
ÛÂȘ ÙáÓ ΔÔ‡ÚΈÓ. \∂apple›Û˘ Ù‹Ó Î·ÚÙÂÚÈÎfiÙË-<br />
Ù· η› ÙfiÓ ìÚˆ˚ÛÌfi ÙÔÜ ∫ˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙ›ÓÔ˘, appleÔ‡<br />
Ì·¯fiÙ·Ó ó˜ êappleÏfi˜ ÛÙÚ·ÙÈÒÙ˘ η› ö‰ÈÓÂ<br />
apple·Ú¿‰ÂÈÁÌ· Ùɘ ·éÙÔı˘Û›·˜. £¿ ñappleÔÁÚ·ÌÌ›-<br />
Ûˆ âapple›Û˘ Ù‹Ó ïÌfiʈÓË àapplefiÊ·ÛË Ï·ÔÜ Î·›<br />
ìÁÂÛ›·˜ ÁÈ¿ àÁÒÓ· ̤¯ÚȘ âÛ¯¿ÙˆÓ. ^∏ àÁˆ-<br />
ÓÈÛÙÈ΋ ·éÙ‹ ı¤ÏËÛË àÓÙÈηÙÔappleÙÚ›˙ÂÙ·È Î·›<br />
ÛÙ‹Ó ñappleÂÚ‹Ê·ÓË àapple¿ÓÙËÛË ÙÔÜ ≠∂ÏÏËÓ·<br />
‚·ÛÈÏÈ¿ ÛÙ‹Ó appleÚfiÙ·ÛË ÙÔÜ ÛÔ˘ÏÙ¿ÓÔ˘ ÁÈ¿<br />
Ù‹Ó apple·Ú¿‰ÔÛË Ùɘ fiÏ˘: «Δfi ‰¤ Ù‹Ó<br />
applefiÏÈÓ ÛÔÈ ‰ÔÜÓ·È ÔéÙ\ âÌfiÓ âÛÙ›Ó,<br />
ÔéÙ\ ôÏÏÔ˘ ÙáÓ Î·ÙÔÈÎÔ‡ÓÙˆÓ âÓ<br />
·éÙFÉØ ÎÔÈÓFÉ Á¿Ú ÁÓÒÌFË apple¿ÓÙ˜<br />
·éÙÔappleÚÔ·ÈÚ¤Ùˆ˜ àappleÔı·-<br />
ÓÔÜÌÂÓ Î·› Ôé ÊÂÈÛfiÌÂı· Ùɘ<br />
˙ˆÉ˜ ìÌáÓ».<br />
ò∞ÚÈÛÙ· ï °ÂÒÚÁÈÔ˜ ºÚ·-<br />
ÓÙ˙ɘ, μ˘˙·ÓÙÈÓfi˜ Û˘ÁÁڷʤ-<br />
·˜, âappleÈÛÙ‹ıÈÔ˜ Ê›ÏÔ˜ η›<br />
Ì˘ÛÙÈÎÔÛ‡Ì‚Ô˘ÏÔ˜ ÙÔÜ<br />
ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Ô˘ ·éÙÔÎÚ¿ÙÔÚ· ÙáÓ<br />
^∂ÏÏ‹ÓˆÓ ∫ˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙ›ÓÔ˘<br />
·Ï·ÈÔÏfiÁÔ˘, ÌĘ appleÂÚÈÁÚ¿-<br />
ÊÂÈ Ù¿ ÁÂÁÔÓfiÙ· Ùɘ apple·Ú·-<br />
ÌÔÓɘ Ùɘ âÛ¯¿Ù˘ Ì¿¯Ë˜ ̤ Ù¿<br />
apple·Ú·Î¿Ùˆ Û˘ÁÎÈÓËÙÈο ÏfiÁÈ·: «Δ‹ ¢Â˘Ù¤Ú·<br />
Ùfi àapplefiÁÂ˘Ì· appleÏËÚÔÊÔÚËı‹Î·Ì ¬ÙÈ Ù‹Ó ôÏÏË<br />
̤ڷ ï ÛÔ˘ÏÙ¿ÓÔ˜ ı¿ ö‰ÈÓ Ùfi Û‡ÓıËÌ· Ùɘ<br />
ÁÂÓÈÎɘ âapple›ıÂÛ˘ âÓ·ÓÙ›ÔÓ Ì·˜ àapplefi Ù‹Ó ÍËÚ¿<br />
η› àapplefi Ù‹ ı¿Ï·ÛÛ·, ̤ ¬Ï˜ Ù›˜ ‰˘Ó¿ÌÂȘ<br />
appleÔ‡ ‰È¤ıÂÙÂ. •¤ÚÔÓÙ·˜ ÏÔÈapplefiÓ ¬ÙÈ Ùfi appleÏÉıÔ˜<br />
ÙáÓ àapple›ÛÙˆÓ qÙ·Ó ÙfiÛÔ ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ, œÛÙ àÓ·ÏÔ-<br />
ÁÔÜÛ·Ó 500 appleÚfi˜ ≤Ó·Ó àapplefi ÌĘ, ÛÙËڛͷÌÂ<br />
¬Ï˜ Ì·˜ Ù›˜ âÏapple›‰Â˜ ÛÙ‹ ı›· ÚfiÓÔÈ·. ª¤<br />
‰È·Ù·Á‹ ÙÔÜ ·éÙÔÎÚ¿ÙÔÚ· Ôî îÂÚÂÖ˜, Ôî àÚ¯ÈÂ-<br />
ÚÂÖ˜, Ôî ÌÔÓ·¯Ô›, Ôî Á˘Ó·ÖΘ η› Ù¿ apple·È‰È¿,<br />
appleÉÚ·Ó ÛÙ¿ ¯¤ÚÈ· ÙÔ˘˜ Ù›˜ ±ÁȘ ÂåÎfiÓ˜ η›<br />
¬Ï· Ù¿ îÂÚ¿ Ï¿‚·Ú· ÎÈ öÎ·Ó·Ó ÏÈÙ·Ó›· Á‡Úˆ<br />
àapplefi Ù¿ Ù›¯Ë, „¿ÏÏÔÓÙ·˜ ̤ ‰¿ÎÚ˘· ÛÙ¿ Ì¿ÙÈ·<br />
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