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AGKYRA <strong>25</strong>.ASF1 5/5/07 12:54 AM Page 14<br />
òAÁ΢ڷ \EÏapple›‰Ô˜<br />
ªappleÉÎ·Ó Ôî â¯ıÚÔ› ÛÙ‹Ó fiÏË, ö‰ÈˆÍ·Ó ÙÔ‡˜<br />
ÃÚÈÛÙÈ·ÓÔ‡˜ appleÔ‡ Âr¯·Ó àappleÔÌ›ÓÂÈ ÛÙ¿ Ù›¯Ë ̤<br />
ÙËÏ‚fi·, ‚¤ÏË, àÎfiÓÙÈ· η› apple¤ÙÚ˜. ò∂ÙÛÈ öÁÈ-<br />
Ó·Ó Î‡ÚÈÔÈ ïÏfiÎÏËÚ˘ Ùɘ ∫ˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙÈÓÔ‡appleÔ-<br />
Ï˘, âÎÙfi˜ ÙáÓ apple‡ÚÁˆÓ ÙÔÜ μ·ÛÈÏ›Ԣ, ÙÔÜ<br />
§¤ÔÓÙÔ˜ η› ÙÔÜ \∞ÏÂ͛Ԣ, ÙÔ‡˜ ïappleÔ›Ô˘˜ ÎÚ·-<br />
ÙÔÜÛ·Ó Ôî Ó·ÜÙ˜ àapplefi Ù‹Ó ∫Ú‹ÙË, appleÔ‡ appleÔϤ-<br />
ÌËÛ·Ó àapplefi Ù›˜ 6 Ùfi appleÚˆ˝ ̤¯ÚÈ Ù›˜ 8 Ùfi àapplefi-<br />
ÁÂ˘Ì· η› ÛÎfiÙˆÛ·Ó appleÔÏÏÔ‡˜ ΔÔ‡ÚÎÔ˘˜.<br />
μϤappleÔÓÙ·˜ Ùfi appleÏÉıÔ˜ ÙáÓ â¯ıÚáÓ appleÔ‡ Âr¯·Ó<br />
΢ÚȇÛÂÈ Ù‹Ó applefiÏË, ‰¤Ó õıÂÏ·Ó Ó¿ apple·Ú·‰ÔıÔÜÓ,<br />
àÏÏ¿ öÏÂÁ·Ó ¬ÙÈ appleÚÔÙÈÌÔÜÛ·Ó Ó¿ appleÂı¿-<br />
ÓÔ˘Ó apple·Ú¿ Ó¿ ˙‹ÛÔ˘Ó. ∫¿appleÔÈÔ˜ ΔÔÜÚÎÔ˜<br />
Âå‰ÔappleÔ›ËÛ ÙfiÙ Ùfi ÛÔ˘ÏÙ¿ÓÔ ÁÈ¿ Ù‹Ó ìÚˆ˚΋<br />
ôÌ˘Ó¿ ÙÔ˘˜ ÎÈ âÎÂÖÓÔ˜ Û˘ÌÊÒÓËÛ ӿ ÙÔ‡˜<br />
âappleÈÙÚ¤„ÂÈ Ó¿ ʇÁÔ˘Ó Ì¤ Ùfi appleÏÔÖÔ Î·› ¬Ï· Ù¿<br />
appleÚ¿ÁÌ·Ù· appleÔ‡ Âr¯·Ó Ì·˙› ÙÔ˘˜. ·Ú¿ Ù›˜<br />
ñappleÔÛ¯¤ÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘, ¬Ìˆ˜, ï ÛÔ˘ÏÙ¿ÓÔ˜ ̤ appleÔχ<br />
ÎfiappleÔ Î·Ù¿ÊÂÚ ӿ ÙÔ‡˜ apple›ÛÂÈ Ó¿ àÊ‹ÛÔ˘Ó<br />
ÙÔ‡˜ apple‡ÚÁÔ˘˜ η› Ó¿ ʇÁÔ˘Ó.<br />
\∂apple› ÙÚÂÖ˜ ì̤Ú˜ Ù¿ ΔÔ˘ÚÎÈο ÛÙ›ÊË öÛÊ·-<br />
˙·Ó, Ï‹ÛÙ¢·Ó, ‚‚‹ÏˆÓ·Ó ¡·Ô‡˜, åÛˆapple¤‰ˆ-<br />
Ó·Ó àÓ¿ÎÙÔÚ·, ‚È‚ÏÈÔıÉΘ, apple·ÓÂappleÈÛÙ‹ÌÈ·,<br />
\∂ÎÎÏËۛ˜ η› ¬,ÙÈ ôÏÏÔ Í˘appleÓÔÜÛ ٿ ·îÌÔ-<br />
‚fiÚ· öÓÛÙÈÎÙ¿ ÙÔ˘˜. ^√ ªˆ¿ÌÂı àappleÔÎÂÊ¿ÏÈ-<br />
Û appleÔÏÏÔ‡˜ ÂéÁÂÓÂÖ˜, appleÂÚ›appleÔ˘ 60.000 ÃÚÈ-<br />
ÛÙÈ·ÓÔ› Û‡ÚıËÎ·Ó Î·› appleÔ˘Ï‹ıËÎ·Ó ÛÙ¿ ÛÎÏ·-<br />
‚Ôapple¿˙·Ú·.<br />
ò∂ÙÛÈ Ôî ΔÔÜÚÎÔÈ öÁÈÓ·Ó Î‡ÚÈÔÈ Ùɘ ∫ˆÓÛÙ·-<br />
ÓÙÈÓÔ‡appleÔÏ˘ Ù‹Ó ΔÚ›ÙË 29 ª·˝Ô˘ 1453, ÛÙ›˜<br />
‰˘fiÌÈÛÈ Ùfi ÌÂÛË̤ÚÈ. ≠AÚapple·˙·Ó η› ·å¯Ì·ÏÒ-<br />
ÙÈ˙·Ó ¬ÛÔ˘˜ ö‚ÚÈÛÎ·Ó ÌappleÚÔÛÙ¿ ÙÔ˘˜, öÛÊ·˙·Ó<br />
¬ÛÔ˘˜ âappleȯÂÈÚÔÜÛ·Ó Ó¿ àÓÙÈÛÙ·ıÔÜÓ Î·› Û¤<br />
ïÚÈṲ̂ӷ ̤ÚË, ‰¤ ‰È·ÎÚÈÓfiÙ·Ó ì ÁÉ àapplefi Ù¿<br />
appleÔÏÏ¿ appleÙÒÌ·Ù· appleÔ‡ qÙ·Ó appleÂṲ̂ӷ οو. Δfi<br />
ı¤·Ì· qÙ·Ó ÊÚÈÎÙfi. ·ÓÙÔÜ àÎÔ‡ÁÔÓÙ·Ó ıÚ‹-<br />
ÓÔÈ Î·› apple·ÓÙÔÜ Á›ÓÔÓÙ·Ó àÚapple·Á¤˜ Á˘Ó·ÈÎáÓ<br />
¬ÏˆÓ ÙáÓ ìÏÈÎÈáÓ. \∞Ú¯fiÓÙÈÛÛ˜, Ӥ˜ ÎÔapple¤-<br />
Ϙ η› ηÏfiÁÚȘ Û¤ÚÓÔÓÙ·Ó àapplefi Ù¿ Ì·ÏÏÈ¿<br />
ö͈ àapplefi Ù›˜ âÎÎÏËۛ˜ ¬appleÔ˘ Âr¯·Ó ηٷʇÁÂÈ,<br />
âÓá öÎÏ·ÈÁ·Ó η› ÚÔÓÙ·Ó. ÔÈfi˜ ÌappleÔ-<br />
ÚÔÜÛ ӿ appleÂÚÈÁÚ¿„ÂÈ Ù¿ ÎÏ¿Ì·Ù· η› Ù›˜<br />
ʈӤ˜ ÙáÓ apple·È‰ÈáÓ õ Ù‹ ‚‚‹ÏˆÛË ÙáÓ îÂÚáÓ<br />
âÎÎÏËÛÈáÓ; Δfi ±ÁÈÔ ÛáÌ· η› ·xÌ· ÙÔÜ ÃÚÈ-<br />
ÛÙÔÜ ¯˘ÓfiÙ·Ó ÛÙ‹ ÁÉ. √î ΔÔÜÚÎÔÈ ±Úapple·˙·Ó Ù¿<br />
îÂÚ¿ Û·Ë, Ù¿ öÛapple·˙·Ó õ Ù¿ ÎÚ·ÙÔÜÛ·Ó ÁÈ¿<br />
ÏÔÁ·ÚÈ·ÛÌfi ÙÔ˘˜. Δfi ú‰ÈÔ öÎ·Ó·Ó Î·› ̤ Ù¿<br />
îÂÚ¿ àÓ·ı‹Ì·Ù·. Ô‰Ôapple·ÙÔÜÛ·Ó Ù›˜ ±ÁȘ<br />
ÂåÎfiÓ˜, ÙÔ‡˜ àÊ·ÈÚÔÜÛ·Ó Ùfi ¯Ú˘Û¿ÊÈ, Ùfi<br />
àÛ‹ÌÈ Î·› ÙÔ‡˜ appleÔχÙÈÌÔ˘˜ Ï›ıÔ˘˜, η› öÊÙÈ·-<br />
¯Ó·Ó ̤ ·éÙ¤˜ ÎÚ‚¿ÙÈ· η› ÙÚ·apple¤˙È·. ò∞ÏÏÔÈ<br />
ÛÙfiÏÈ˙·Ó Ù¿ ôÏÔÁ¿ ÙÔ˘˜ ̤ Ù¿ ¯Ú˘ÛÔ˛Ê·ÓÙ·<br />
ÌÂٷ͈ٿ ôÌÊÈ· ÙáÓ îÂÚ¤ˆÓ η› ôÏÏÔÈ öηӷÓ<br />
ÙÚ·appleÂ˙ÔÌ¿ÓÙËÏ·. ≠AÚapple·˙·Ó Ù¿ appleÔχÙÈÌ·<br />
Ì·ÚÁ·ÚÈÙ¿ÚÈ· àapplefi Ù¿ ±ÁÈ· ÎÂÈÌ‹ÏÈ·, ηٷapple·-<br />
ÙÔÜÛ·Ó Ù¿ îÂÚ¿ Ï›„·Ó· ÙáÓ êÁ›ˆÓ η›, Û¿Ó<br />
appleÚ·ÁÌ·ÙÈÎÔ› appleÚfi‰ÚÔÌÔÈ ÙÔÜ ‰È·‚fiÏÔ˘, öη-<br />
Ó·Ó à̤ÙÚËÙ· àÓÔÛÈÔ˘ÚÁ‹Ì·Ù·, appleÔ‡ ÌfiÓÔ Ùfi<br />
ıÚÉÓÔ ÌappleÔÚÔÜÓ Ó¿ appleÚÔηϤÛÔ˘Ó.<br />
^∏ appleÙÒÛË Ùɘ ∫ˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙÈÓÔ˘applefiψ˜ -η› Ì\<br />
·éÙ‹Ó ì ïÏÔÎÏËÚˆÙÈ΋ Î·Ù¿Ï˘ÛË Ùɘ âapple›<br />
·åáÓ˜ apple·Ó›Û¯˘Ú˘ μ˘˙·ÓÙÈÓɘ ·éÙÔÎÚ·ÙÔ-<br />
Ú›·˜- ¬ÛÔÓ àappleÚÔÛ‰fiÎËÙÔ ÁÈ¿ ÙÔ‡˜ appleÔÏÏÔ‡˜<br />
ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ η› ôÓ ñappleÉÚÍ -Û¤ àÚÎÂÙfi ‰¤ ‚·ıÌfi<br />
η› Û˘Ìappleو̷ÙÈÎfi ηٿ Ù‹ Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ÓË<br />
âΛÓË àӷ̤ÙÚËÛË- ηٿ ‚¿ıÔ˜ àappleÔÙÂÏÔÜÛÂ<br />
Ùfi Ê˘ÛÈÎfi η› àÓ·ÌÂÓfiÌÂÓÔ Ù¤ÏÔ˜ ÌÈĘ ·éÙÔ-<br />
ÎÚ·ÙÔÚ›·˜, appleÔ‡, ôÓ ‰¤Ó Âr¯Â appleÔχ ÁËÚ¿ÛÂÈ,<br />
Âr¯Â ¬Ìˆ˜ appleÔχ âÍ·ÓÙÏËıÂÖ àapplefi Ù‹ ÊÚ¿ÁÎÈÎË<br />
ηٿÎÙËÛË ÙáÓ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›ˆÓ ·åÒÓˆÓ. ¤Ú·Ó<br />
ÙÔ‡ÙÔ˘ ηÓ›˜ ‰¤Ó qÙ·Ó ÛÔ‚·Ú¿ ‰È·ÙÂıÂÈ̤-<br />
ÓÔ˜ Ó¿ ‚ÔËı‹ÛÂÈ, ηٿ Ù›˜ ÎÚ›ÛÈ̘ âÎÂÖÓ˜<br />
zÚ˜, Ùfi ëÏÏËÓÈÎfi η› çÚıfi‰ÔÍÔ μ˘˙¿ÓÙÈÔ Ó¿<br />
ÛˆıÂÖ- η› ÙÔÜÙÔ ÂúÙ àapplefi Êfi‚Ô, ÂúÙ ‰ÈfiÙÈ<br />
ηٿ ‚¿ıÔ˜ ‰¤Ó õıÂÏ·Ó Ù‹ ÛˆÙËÚ›· ÙÔ˘.<br />
ò∂ÙÛÈ Î·Ù¿ Ù‹Ó ÎÚ›ÛÈÌË œÚ· ï fiÏË öappleÚÂappleÂ<br />
Ó¿ ÛÙËÚȯıÂÖ ÌfiÓÔ ÛÙ›˜ âÓÙfi˜ ÙáÓ ÙÂȯáÓ<br />
‰˘Ó¿ÌÂȘ Ù˘ η› Û¤ â͈ÙÂÚÈ΋ ‚Ô‹ıÂÈ· appleÔ‡<br />
ı¿ ÌappleÔÚÔÜÛ appleÈı·Óᘠӿ appleÚÔ¤ÏıÂÈ àapplefi Ù‹<br />
ÃÚÈÛÙÈ·ÓÈ΋ ∂éÚÒappleË. ò∞ÏψÛÙÂ, Û¤ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›·<br />
àÓ¿Ï˘ÛË, âΛÓË, ‚ÔËıÒÓÙ·˜ Ù‹Ó \√Úıfi‰ÔÍË<br />
fiÏË Ó¿ ÎÚ·ÙËıÂÖ à‰Ô‡ÏˆÙË, ‰ÈÎfi Ù˘ appleÚÔapple‡ÚÁÈÔ<br />
ÎÚ·ÙÔÜÛ ùÚıÈÔ. ≠√̈˜ ì ηıÔÏÈ΋<br />
∂éÚÒappleË ù¯È ÌfiÓÔ ≤ˆ˜ ≤Ó· ÛËÌÂÖÔ ‰¤Ó ÌappleÔ-<br />
ÚÔÜÛÂ, àÏÏ¿ appleÚˆÙ›ÛÙˆ˜ Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È ¬ÙÈ ‰¤Ó âappleÈı˘ÌÔÜÛÂ<br />
Ù‹Ó ÛˆÙËÚ›· Ùɘ \√Úıfi‰Ô͢ \∞Ó·-<br />
ÙÔÏɘ. Ôχ ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈο ÛËÌÂÈÒÓÂÈ ≤Ó·˜<br />
ÓÂÒÙÂÚÔ˜ ƒáÛÔ˜ îÛÙÔÚÈÎfi˜, ï G.<br />
OSTROGORSKY, ¬ÙÈ «àÎfiÌË Î·› ôÓ ì ¢‡ÛË<br />
âappleÂÓ¤‚·ÈÓ âÌappleÚ¿ÎÙˆ˜ ÛÙ‹Ó ∫ˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙÈÓÔ‡-<br />
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