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lOMoARcPSD|13477887Sưu tm và thit k bi Phm Vit Vũ - 109 –Incorrect: Found in Tanzania by Mary Leaky, some archeologists estimated that thethree - million - year - old fossils were the oldest human remains that were discovered.(Being found ...)Correct: Found in Tanzania by Mary Leaky, the three-million-year-old fossils wereestimated by some archeologists to be the oldest human remains that had ever beendiscovered.Xét thêm các ví d sau v ch ng phân t b t hp l:SAI: Having apprehended the hijackers, they were whisked off to FBI headquarters bythe security guards.ðÚNG: Having apprehended the hijackers, the security guards whisked them off to FBIheadquarters.ðÚNG: Having been apprehended, the hijackers were whisked off to FBI headquartersby the security guards.SAI: Before singing the school song, a poem was recited.ðÚNG: Before singing the school song, the students recited a poem.SAI: Guiding us through the museum, a special explanation was given by the director.ðÚNG: Guiding us through the museum, the director gave us a special explanation.40.2 ðng t nguyên th (to + verb) m ñu câuðng t nguyên th cũng ñưc dùng ñ m ñu mt câu ging như trong trưng hp V-ing. Mnh ñ ph ñng ñu câu s% dng ñng t nguyên th thưng di'n t mc ñích c amnh ñ chính.To get up early, Jim never stay up late.Cũng ging như trưng hp s% dng V-ing nêu trên, ch ng c a mnh ñ th hai cũngphi là ch ng hp lý c a mnh ñ ph ñng trưc nó.Incorrect: To prevent cavities, dental floss should be used daily after brushing one'steeth.Correct: To prevent cavities, one should use dental floss daily after brushing one’steeth.41. ðng t (V-ing, V-ed) dùng làm tính tThông thưng, khi mt ñng t không có dng thc tính t tương ng vi nó thì phân t1 (V-ing) hoc phân t 2 (P2) c a ñng t ñó ñưc s% dng làm tính t. ðôi khi ngưihc ting Anh không bit nên dùng tính t dng thc nào: V-ing hay Verb-ed hay Verben.Trưng ði Hc Kinh T ðà NngDownloaded by Nhung H?ng (knhung012@gmail.com)
lOMoARcPSD|13477887Sưu tm và thit k bi Phm Vit Vũ - 110 –• Tính t dng V-ing thưng ñưc dùng khi danh t mà nó b( nghĩa thc hin hocchu trách nhim v hành ñng. ðng t thưng là ni ñng t (không có tân ng)và thi c a ñng t là thi tip di'n:The crying baby woke Mr.Binion. (The baby was crying)The blooming flowers in the meadow created a rainbow of colors. (The flowerswere blooming)The purring kitten snuggled close to the fireplace. (The kitten was purring)• Phân t 2 (V-ed) ñưc dùng làm tính t khi danh t mà nó b( nghĩa là ñi tưngnhn s tác ñng c a hành ñng. Câu có tính t dng P2 thưng có ngun gct nhng câu b ñng.The sorted mail was delivered to the offices before noon. (The mail had beensorted).Frozen food is often easier to prepare than fresh food. (The food had beenfrozen)The imprisoned men were unhappy with their living conditions. (The men hadbeen imprisoned)Lưu ý: Mt s các ñng t như to interest, to bore, to excite, to frighten khi s% dng làmtính t thưng khó xác ñnh nên dùng loi nào (phân t 1 hay phân t 2). Nguyên tc ápdng cũng ging như ñã nêu trên: Nu ch ng gây ra hành ñng thì dùng P1, nu chng nhn tác ñng c a hành ñng thì dùng P2. Xét thêm các ví d sau:The boring professor put the students to sleep.The boring lecture put the students to sleep.The bored students went to sleep during the boring lecture.The child saw a frightening movie.The frightened child began to cry.42. Thông tin tha (redundancy)Khi thông tin trong câu b lp ñi lp li không cn thit thì nó b gi là thông tin tha, cnphi loi b! phn tha ñó. Ví d: Ngưi Anh không dùng the time when mà ch dùng mttrong hai.It is (the time/ when) I got home.Ngưi Anh không dùng the place where mà ch dùng mt trong hai.It is (the place/ where) I was born.Không dùng song song c 2 t dưi ñây trong cùng mt câu:advanceforwardproceedforwardprogressforwardC 3 t advance, proceed, progress ñu có nghĩa tin lên, tin v phíatrưc: "to move in a forward direction". Vì vy forward là tha.Trưng ði Hc Kinh T ðà NngDownloaded by Nhung H?ng (knhung012@gmail.com)
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