Abschlußbericht zum Forschungsprojekt ST121 - Technische ...

XIV
Abstract
extreme environmental conditions. Even with protection of obstacles or through manuring
measures, recovery is not possibly. Therefore, spruce as a climax species is not appropriate
for the site conditions in degraded protection forest sites on dolomite with “Mull”-rendzinas.
In contrast, succession stages with pioneer tree species, which build-up thick organic layers
and the regeneration of site-adapted ECM would result in a climax forest with spruce.
For forestry practice on degraded protection forest sites with “Mull”-rendzinas, it is
recommended to abandon spruce for reforestation measures in the future and to use densely
planted pioneer species (pine, larch, and mountain pine) instead. Artificial regeneration of
spruce should be limited to micro-sites with thick organic layers (bilberry as an indicator
species) around old stumps. Fertilising (NPK head fertilising) is most effective for vital
spruces in the case of unaltered thick humus forms. On the other hand, manuring is not
reasonable in cases with poorly growing spruces on “Mull”-rendzinas without an expected
closing of the canopy. Declining spruce stands (approx. 50-100 years) on such sites should be
converted equally with pioneer species. Old stands on shallow rendzinas with intact humus
forms and favourable preconditions for the regeneration of spruce should be regenerated
within a short time. This holds especially for the very labile pure spruce stands. For the
protection of the site-adapted ECM and to avoid nutrient losses, calamity sites should
regenerated as fast as possible, in particular with respect to the existing natural regeneration.