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Ergebnisse der systematischen Reviews der American Occupational Therapy Association
Author/Year Study Objectives Design/ Participants
Intervention and Outcomes
Measure
Results
Study Limitations
Music
Sherratt, Thornton & Hatton
(2004)
Holt et al. (2003)
Zitation Pubmed:
Thorgrimsen et al. (2003)
Thorgrimsen, Spector, Wiles &
Orrell (2003)
To qualitatively review the effects
of music on emotional
and behavioural responses in
people with dementia.
To assess the effectiveness of
aromatherapy for people with
dementia.
To assess the efficacy of aromatherapy
as an intervention
for people with dementia.
SR
N = 21 articles
(no description of design of included
studies available, apparently
few RCTs)
Intervention
Group and individual music
therapy, listening to tapes and
ambient music
Outcome Measures
Agitation, disruptive vocalizations,
participation, wandering,
memory, mood, social interaction,
aggression
Aromatherapy
SR
Intervention
N = 4 RCTs, only one had useable
data: Ballard (2002): lemon balm or lavender in lo-
Fragrance from plants (10%
N=72
tion) applied topically, lavender
applied topically, or lavender
diffused
Outcome Measures
SR
N = 2 RCTs; only one had useable
data: Ballard (2002):
N=72
Cognitive function, functional
performance, quality of life, relaxation,
wandering, sleep,
mood, disruptive behaviour
Intervention
Trials using fragrance from
plants used in aromatherapy
Outcome Measures
Cognitive function, quality of
life, relaxation
Music was effective in decreasing
aggression, agitation,
wandering, repetitive vocalizations
and irritability. Music also
increased reality orientation,
memory, engagement
and participation.
A significant effect was found
in favour of the intervention
on measures of agitation and
neuropsychiatric symptoms.
Evidence of a small effect of
harm due to allergies was
found.
A significant treatment effect
was shown in favour of aromatherapy
after 4 wk of
treatment on several outcome
measures.
Most studies had small and
non-representative samples
and did not report reliability or
validity.
Sample size of included studies
was small. Several different essential
oils were used, and relative
effectiveness is unclear.
Studies, participants and other
factors were heterogeneous.
Participants were taking psychiatric
medications.
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