cbd-ts-66-en

Part II: The Regulatory Framework for Climate-related Geoengineering Relevant to the Convention on Biological Diversity
CONTENTS
Key Messages .........................................................................................102
Chapter 1: Introduction ...............................................................................108
100
1.1 Mandate and scope ...........................................................................108
1.2 Criteria for identifying gaps ..................................................................108
1.3 Definition of geoengineering ..................................................................110
1.4 Method and structure ........................................................................111
1.5 Elements of the current international regulatory framework ....................................111
Chapter 2: Generally Applicable International Law and Principles .....................................113
2.1 State responsibility and liability of private actors ...............................................113
2.2 Prevention of transboundary harm to the environment .........................................115
2.3 Duty to undertake an environmental impact assessment .......................................117
2.4 Precautionary principle or approach ...........................................................119
2.5 Article 39 of the Charter of the United Nations .................................................120
2.6 Other concepts ..............................................................................120
2.7 Summary assessment of customary rules ......................................................122
Chapter 3: Specific Treaty Regimes and Institutions ....................................................123
3.1 The Convention on Biological Diversity .......................................................123
3.2 UNCLOS—United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea ..................................124
3.3 London Convention and London Protocol .....................................................125
3.4 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol ...126
3.5 Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer and the Montreal Protocol ............128
3.6 ENMOD Convention .........................................................................129
3.7 Space law ....................................................................................130
3.8 Antarctic treaty system .......................................................................133
3.9 OSPAR Convention ..........................................................................133
3.10 LRTAP—Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution ..............................134
3.11 Human rights law ............................................................................136
Chapter 4: Institutions ...............................................................................138
4.1 United Nations Security Council ..............................................................138
4.2 United Nations General Assembly ............................................................138
4.3 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ...................................................139
4.4 United Nations Environment Programme .....................................................139
4.5 World Meteorological Organization ...........................................................140
4.6 Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission ...............................................140
Chapter 5: Rules Governing Research. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141
5.1 The regulatory framework for research ........................................................141
5.2 Scientific research in international treaty law ...................................................141