English – Quenya - Ambar Eldaron

Helge K. Fauskanger http://www.uib.no/People/hnohf/
nás “it is”, násë “(s)he is”, nalmë “we are”
(VT49:27, 30). Some forms listed in VT49:27 are
perhaps intended as aorist forms (nain “I am”,
naityë/nailyë “you are”); VT49:30 however lists
aorist forms with no intruding i (nanyë *“I am”,
nalyë *”thou art”, ná “is”, nassë *”(s)he is”,
nalmë *“we are”, nar “are”). Pa.t. nánë or né
“was”, pl. náner/nér and dual nét “were”
(VT49:6, 10, 27, 30). According to VT49:31, né
“was” cannot receive pronominal endings
(though nésë “he was” is attested elsewhere,
VT49:28-29), and such endings are rather added
to the form ane-, e.g. anen “I was”, anel “you
were”, anes “(s)he/it was” (VT49:28). Future
tense nauva "will be" (VT42:34, VT49:19;
alternative form uva only in VT49:30) Perfect
anaië “has been” (VT49:27, first written as
anáyë). The form na may be used as imperative
(na airë "be holy", VT43:14, alcar...na Erun
"glory...be to God", VT44:34); this imperative na
is apparently incorporated in the word nai "be it
that" (misleading translation "maybe" in LotR).
This nai can be combined with a verb to express
a hope that something will happen (Nam: nai
hiruvalyë Valimar, “may you find Valimar”) or if
the verb is in the present rather than the future
tense, that it is already happening (VT49:39: nai
Eru lye mánata “God bless you” or *”may God
be blessing you”). According to PE17:58,
imperative na is short for á na with the
imperative particle included. – Ná "is" appears
with a short vowel (na) in some sources, but
writers should probably maintain the long vowel
to avoid confusion with the imperative na (and
with the wholly distinct preposition na "to"). The
short form na- may however be usual before
pronominal suffixes. By one interpretation, na
with a short vowel represents the aorist
(VT49:27). – The word ëa is variously translated
"is", "exists", "it is", "let it be". It has a more
absolute meaning than ná, with reference to
existence rather than being a mere copula. It
may also be used (with prepositional phrases) to
denote a position: i ëa han ëa “[our Father] who
is beyond [the universe of] Eä” (VT43:12-14), i
Eru i or ilyë mahalmar ëa “the One who is
above all thrones” (UT:305). The pa.t. of this
verb is engë, VT43:38, perfect engië or rarely
éyë, future euva, VT49:29. – Fíriel's Song
contains a word ye "is" (compare VT46:22), but
its status in LotR-style Quenya is uncertain. –
NOT BE, NOT DO: Also attested is the negative
copula uin and umin "I do not, am not" (1st pers.
aorist), pa.t. úmë. According to VT49:29, forms
like ui “it is not”, uin(yë) “I am not”, uil(yë) *“you
are not”, *uis *”(s)he is not” and uilmë *”we are
not” are cited in a document dating from about
1968, though some of this was struck out. The
monosyllable ú is used for “was not” in one text.
The negation lá can be inflected for time “when
verb is not expressed”. Tense-forms given:
(aorist) lanyë “I do not, am not”; the other forms
are cited without pronominal suffixes: present
laia, past lánë, perfect alaië, future lauva,
imperative ala, alá. MAY IT BE SO, see AMEN. %
–VT49:27-34, Nam/RGEO:67, VT43:34/An
Introduction to Elvish:5, VT42:34,Silm:21/391,
FS, UGU/UMU, VT49:13
BE ABLE (and the English present tense
can) is expressed by various verbs: pol- (to be
physically able), lerta- (be free to do, there being
no restraint, physical or other), ista- (know how
to; pa.t. sintë), hence e.g. polin quetë “I can
speak” (because mouth and tongue are free),
lertan quetë "I can/may speak” (because I am
free to do so, there being no obstacle of promise,
secrecy, or duty), istan quetë “I can/know how
to speak” (I have learnt language). Where the
absence of a physical restraint is considered, the
verb lerta- can be used in much the same sense
as pol- (VT41:6). Another way of expressing
“can” involves the verb ec-, and what would be
the subject in English appears in the dative case
instead: Ecë nin carë sa, “I can do it” (it is
possible for me to do it), ecuva nin carë sa “I
may do that” (in the future). –VT49:20, 34
BE GONE! heca! – also with pronominal
affixes: sg hecat, pl hecal "you be gone!" (stand
aside!) –WJ:364
BEACH falas (falass-), falassë (shore,
line of surf), falas, hresta (ablative hrestallo is
attested), fára (shore). –LT1:253, Silm:431,
PHAL/LT2:339, MC:221/222/223, VT46:15
BEAR (vb) #col- (verb stem isolated from
#colindo "bearer". Cf. mel- "to love", melindo
"lover"). #Col- can also be translated *"wear" [of
clothes], cf. the past participle colla "borne,
worn". BEAR FRUIT yavin (which must mean *"I
bear fruit", stem #yav-. Tolkien often employs
the 1st person aorist when mentioning a verb in
his wordlists.) –LotR:989, cf. Letters:308 and
MEL, MR:385, LT1:273
BEAR (noun) morco –MORÓK
BEARD fanga (obsoleting vanga in
GL:21; GL:34 has fangë "long beard", whereas
GL:63 gives poa. Neo-Quenya writers should
use fanga.) –SPÁNAG
BEARER #colindo (only attested in the pl
compound cormacolindor "Ring-bearers") –
LotR:989, cf. Letters:308
BEAST (wild beast) hravan –PE17:78
BEAT palpa- (batter) –PALAP
Wordlist last updated July 5th, 2008 8 Presented by http://www.ambar-eldaron.com