Integrating Southwest Power Pool Wind to Southeast Electricity ...

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Figure 5-21 Capacity Factor by Unit Type across Entire Study Footprint 5-28
Unit Startups Changing the balancing strategy can change the number of starts for units. The cost of cycling and ramping on conventional generation in terms of effect on forced outage rate, maintenance costs and heat rate degradation is not studied here (and is in fact not well understood in general at present). As such, the effect of wind on cycling can only be seen from the UPLAN production cost model results in how it changes the number of start/stop operations of units. More cycling operation would likely result in more breakdowns, maintenance scheduling and possibly early retirement, therefore strategies that reduce this will be beneficial, in particular for coal or older CC units. Figure 5-22 shows the average number of starts per year by unit type for each region. Note that these starts are not necessarily attributable to wind variability as normal load cycling and forced or unforced outages also drive some portion of the starts. Increased levels of wind, however, will increase the cycling of the units. Given that the data in Figure 5-22 compares scenarios all with 48 GW of wind, the differences between scenarios indicates how balancing cooperation strategies impact cycling. Only CC and coal are shown as these are the units not specifically designed to start and ramp as frequently as GTs would be. In addition, coal in Entergy is not shown as starts do not change. As expected, coal units, which have larger start costs and times and longer minimum up times, do not cycle on and off significantly. Figure 5-22 Average number of starts by unit type Table 5-13 shows the average number of starts per unit of each type per year for Scenario #1 and the change in the number of starts for each of the other scenarios relative to Scenario 1 with a positive value indicating an increase in starts versus scenario 1. In addition to the high wind transfer case scenarios, the low wind case of 14 GW with unconstrained transmission is shown for comparison of how the additional 34 GW of wind impacts unit starts. The additional 34 GW of wind generally results in more starts in the SERC regions as more cheap and variable energy is available, but the numbers are not as dramatic as might be expected. CC units in Entergy and TVA cycle off on average 25 and 16 times more per unit per year in the high wind case, 5-29
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DOE: Integrating Southwest Power Po
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DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES AND LIMITA
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This DOE-funded p
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Summary of average regulation requi
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generation in the 2022 Non-RES case
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System and Cost Impacts of High Win
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Figure 6-6: Individual Coal Capacit
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1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND Proje
Page 19 and 20: 2 REPRESENTATION OF TRANSMISSION NE
Page 21 and 22: participants the possibility of a r
Page 23: assumption is affecting specific di
Page 26 and 27: Table 3-1 Wind energy targets for e
Page 28 and 29: site selection could have congregat
Page 30 and 31: Wind Production (MW) Wind Productio
Page 32 and 33: Wind Delivery (MW) 12000 10000 8000
Page 34 and 35: 1. Regulation is required to cover
Page 36 and 37: The polynomial shown in Equation 3
Page 38 and 39: Regulation (MW) Figure 3-12 Summary
Page 41 and 42: 4 HIGH WIND TRANSFER SCENARIO DECRI
Page 43 and 44: 5 HIGH WIND TRANSFER CASE RESULTS T
Page 45 and 46: decreasing smaller amounts. It is i
Page 47 and 48: Coal 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 GasOil 0.7
Page 49 and 50: Figure 5-3 Average hourly generatio
Page 51 and 52: Figure 5-6: Average hourly generati
Page 53 and 54: SBA. More details on these types of
Page 55 and 56: Figure 5-8: Total production costs
Page 57 and 58: The flow chart shown in Figure 5-9
Page 59 and 60: Table 5-10 shows the difference in
Page 61 and 62: more likely to be turned off during
Page 63 and 64: Figure 5-13: Average Regulation up
Page 65 and 66: Figure 5-16: Average Spinning reser
Page 67 and 68: Figure 5-18: SBA Capacity Factors b
Page 69: Figure 5-20: Capacity Factors for S
Page 73 and 74: Gas Price Sensitivity Case Results
Page 75 and 76: 6 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDED NEXT
Page 77 and 78: generation characteristics across r
Page 79: overstates the ability of the syste
Page 82 and 83: Figure 6-2: Individual coal capacit
Page 84 and 85: in the 22% to 50% in Scenario 2. Th
Page 86 and 87: Figure 6-8: individual coal capacit
Page 88 and 89: able to carry some of the reserve t
Page 90: Export Control Restrictions Access
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