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9. Sall, Alioune. Transformations Sociales dans une Banlieue Maraichere:
L'exemple de Mbidiem. Dakar: E.N.D.A., December 1977, 41 p.
(African Environment Supplement, Occasional paper No. 77-21).
Analyzes the social transformations resulting from the
introduction of truck (vegetable) farming in the village of
Mbidieum (Region of Thies) since 1945. Argues that the introduction
of vegetable cropping has destroyed the traditional
land tenure system based on family relationships, the community
of production formed by the union of family units and reduced
livestock production and fishing activities. The author argues
that expanded vegetable production has increased the incomes of
some farmers.
10. Sow, A. "Evolution du systeme de production agricole dans la r~gion
du Cap-Vert. Essai d'analyse de son degre d'integration a l'economie
urbaine dakaroise," African Administrative Studies (17) 1977,
pp. 59-65.
Discusses two opposing views of rural-urban relations: the
city as the cause of the underdevelopment in the countryside versus
the city as a necessary factor in the countryside's economic
development. Arguing that the historical relationship between
the rural and urban areas in the development process is consistently
ignored, the author discusses the evolution of agricultural
production in Cap-Vert and demonstrates the linkages between Dakar
and Cap-Vert at each stage of evolution.
11. Venema, L.B. The Wolof of Saloum: Social Structures and Rural Development
in Senegal. Wageningen: Centre for Agricultural Publishing
and Documentation, 1978, 228 p.
Examination of the factors which have induced change in
rural social stratification, cooperation and cohesion, and the
significance of these changes for rural development administration.
Based on a literature review and field study, the paper
analyzes the impact of the Islamic reform movement, colonialism,
the expansion of groundnuts as a cash crop and the post World
War I acquisition of wealth by former slaves. The author suggests
that incorporation into money-economy and the application of
Islamic law has led to the establishment of separate households.
Some development schemes have not taken sufficient account of this
process of fragmentation and the local power networks and cultural
patterns. Study concludes that development innovations did not
decrease indebtedness or the difference in wealth among the villages.