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Kapampangans played crucial roles in the life of national hero Jose Rizal. His cousin and former classmate Monico Mercado of Sasmuan (whose father Romulo Mercado was a first cousin of Rizal’s father Francisco Mercado) wrote the first ever translation of Mi Ultimo Adios, in Kapampangan, barely a week after he witnessed Rizal’s execution in Bagumbayan. (The second translation was in Tagalog, done by Andres Bonifacio). Mercado also wrote a passionate eulogy in the Diario de Manila which riled the Spanish authorities. Rizal’s famous visit (perhaps one of many) to San Fernando and Bacolor in 1892, shortly after the Manila-Dagupan Railway opened, was shadowed by Spanish authorities who afterward harassed, persecuted and exiled those whom he had visited. (For example, Gobernadorcillos Antonio Consunji of San Fernando and Ruperto Lacsamana of Mexico were kicked out of office after being visited by Rizal.) This somehow diluted the participation of Kapampangans in the first phase of the 1896 Revolution. Felix B. Punzalan, a historian from San Simon, Pampanga, wrote in 1969 that Bacolor was special to Jose Rizal because he had a girlfriend there, a Rosario Joven, 48 Kapampangans and JOSE RIZAL Kapampangans, including one from Angeles, played key roles in the national hero’s life Rizal’s Kapampangan cousin Monico Mercado of Sasmuan (left) wrote a passionate elegy and translated Mi Ultimo Adios after witnessing the hero’s execution. Jose Alejandrino of Arayat (top) brought the manuscript of El Filibusterismo to the printing press, while Valentin Ventura of Bacolor (bottom) financed its publication. whom he regularly visited while he was still a student at the Ateneo de Manila. Miss Joven was Rizal’s first real love, to whom the national hero wrote poems and songs in flawless Kapampangan. Two persons that Punzalan interviewed attested to this littleknown fact: Geronimo Joven of the International Harvester in Manila, a relative of Rosario, and Judge Eduardo Gutierrez David, brother of Supreme Court Justice Jose Gutierrez David. The latter was a youngster who directed Rizal to the Joven residence when he came to Bacolor for the first time; later, Eduardo accompanied Rizal to the residence of brothers Cecilio and Tiburcio Hilario in San Fernando, where he spent the night before returning to Calamba (the Hilarios had a relative in Bulacan who would also figure prominently in the Revolution: Marcelo Hilario del Pilar). After Rizal’s visit, Tiburcio was exiled to Jolo and Cecilio to Balabac Island (between Mindanao and Palawan). It is said that many of his friends and roommates in Europe were Kapampangans. One was Gen. Jose Alejandrino of Arayat, and another was Don Mariano Cunanan of Mexico town, who told Punzalan in an interview before he died that Rizal spoke excellent Kapampangan. Rizal turned over to him (Cunanan) numerous love letters and confidential papers which Cunanan in turn donated to the National Library. Valentin Ventura, an uncle of philanthropist Don Honorio Ventura, is credited for lending Rizal money for the publication of his second novel El Filibusterismo at the time when all the rest could not, or would not, help him financially. A grateful Rizal gave the original manuscript and the first printed copy to Valentin. The Spanish and German governments allegedly offered Valentin $30,000.00 for the manuscripts, but through the urgings of another Kapampangan, Dr. Trinidad Pardo de Tavera of Porac, Valentin chose to donate the manuscript to the Philippine government. When Rizal was practicing in Hong Kong, his reputation spread far and wide that people from all over came for eye treatment. One of them was Taufer, who was accompanied by Josephine Bracken when he came to Hong Kong. However, Rizal had already been exiled to Dapitan. It was Rizal’s friend, Col. Julio Llorente of Angeles and Tarlac who directed them to Rizal with a recommendation letter. That was how Rizal and Bracken met and eventually married and the rest, as they say, is history.
KAP KAPAMP KAP AMP AMPANGAN AMP ANGAN WOMEN WOMEN OF OF THE THE REV REVOL REV OL OLUTION OL UTION Nicolasa Dayrit Encarnacion Singian Felisa Dayrit Consolacion Singian Lino Dizon Teodora Salgado Felisa Hizon La Junta Patriotica de San Fernando During the Philippine Revolution, several patriotic women of Pampanga assisted and nursed the wounded and sick Filipino revolucionarios. This group, who included Nicolsa Dayrit, Felisa Dayrit, Felisa Hizon, Consolacion and Encarnacion Singian, embroidered and sewed the flag Lino Dizon of the Pampango Batallion of the Philippine revolutionary forces in December 1898. Teodora Salgado was a financier to the revolutionary cause. Several of the revolutionary nurses were members of the Junta Patriotica or Junta Filantropica de San Fernando, a group of concerned patriotic Filipino women who gave contributions, and assisted and nursed the revolutionaries who were wounded in the battlefield. Marcelina Limjuco was one of the better known members.The philanthropic exploits of these women for their Filipino comrades were published and lauded in the revolutionary newspaper, El Heraldo de la Revolution. (I. Henares) Asociacion de Damas de la Cruz Roja de Angeles Directora Srta.. Zoila Nepomuceno Sub-Directora Srta. Carmen Dizon (?) Secretaria Srta. Januaria Lacson Tesorera Srta. Maria Carlota Yenson Contadora Srta. Marcelina Nepomuceno Hermanas Mayora Srta. Ana de la Cruz “ Anicia Paras “ Beatriz Torres “ Cristina Guico “ Emilia del Rosario “ Estanislaua Lacson “ Elena Socmea “ Florentina Guico “ Filomena Dizon “ Irene Canlas “ Isabel Mercado “ Jacinta Pamintuan “ Juana Pineda “ Maxima Henson “ Maria Dizon (Lorelei De Viana, National Historical Institute) 49
Page 2 and 3: 2 Photos top to bottom: 1. Angeles
Page 4 and 5: RECENT Abueva Monsod Albano Romero
Page 6 and 7: The Center for Kapampangan Studies
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Page 10 and 11: The San Fernando town hall during t
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The kalesa (calesa or carromata) or
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For or ort or t Stotsenb Stotsenbur
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In the years leading to 1991, Angel
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George Tapan Chito Madroño and Rey
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(Alex Castro) (Alex Castro) Louisa
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untings to celebrate her win. Vicen
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PLA PLAYGR PLA GR GROUNDS GR OUNDS
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Complete list of Gobernadorcillos (
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Catalino Henson 1879-1880 Mariano C
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Complete list of Gobernadorcillos (
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All too often we discard them when
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128 p.25 Sugar land owners’ count
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