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Kapampangans crowd around the replica image after its canonical crowning in 1956 in San Fernando. (Jojo Valencia) The people of Baliti graciously lent the image of their parish patroness for the first year of provincial processions. However, when it wasn’t returned in time for their barrio fiesta, and when talk circulated that the image did not belong to them anymore but to the entire province, their mood turned from gracious to sour to indignation its, Bishop Guerrero, who had arrived in Baliti to pick up the image, was politely told by Baliti’s parish priest, Fr. Generoso Pallasigui, that his parishioners would not allow the image to leave the parish again. Msgr. Jose de la Cruz, now 92, who was present in the meeting, said in a recent interview that Fr. Pallasigui was quite worried that “blood would flow” if Bishop Guerrero insisted on taking the image away. (Apparently the people and their officials had made their feelings clear to the priest earlier.) Msgr. De la Cruz recalls that the bishop decided right then and there to have a replica made. “Considering that Baliti was Huk-infested at that time,” Msgr. De la Cruz said, “the bishop thought it wise to let the matter rest. Besides, the Cruzada 92 was intended to bring the people closer to God, not away from Him.” Msgr. De la Cruz was the director of the radio program Ing Siuala nang Maria (The Voice of Mary) at the time. He said the people may have reacted to an earlier comment he had made on the program that “no single parish owns the Virgen de los Remedios. Every parish that the image visits owns it in the duration of the visit. She belongs to the entire diocese.” The comment is canonically sound because all church edifices and all artifacts found inside are technically the property of the diocese. The first replica was thus hastily made; it was carved by the Siocos of San Fernando. It was so well made that when the processions began for the Cruzada’s Year 2 in late 1953, the people did not re- alize it was a different image. Bishop Guerrero next decided to apply to the Vatican for permission to have the image canonically crowned. The criteria for a canonical coronation of a religious image are: (a) there must be widespread devotion around the image; and (b) the image must have proven antiquity. It was the second criterion that made Msgr. De la Cruz pause. Which of the two images should be canonically crowned, the antique Baliti image or the new replica to which popular devotion had now been transferred? Bishop Guerrero told the priest, “Just pray, Pepe.” On September 8, 1956, more than 70,000 Kapampangans witnessed the canonical coronation of the replica, performed by the Pope’s emissary to the Philippines,Msgr. Egidio Vagnozzi, held on capitol grounds in San Fernando. After that, the popular devotion around the crowned image of the Virgen de los Remedios grew even more. Towns that were visited often kept the image way beyond the allotted period, which slowed down the intinerary. It took 10 years or more before the image returned to the same town, which was why people pulled
all stops whenever the image finally did come back to their town. It was also around this time that the image of Santo Cristo del Perdon (Crucified Christ, Lord of Pardon) was added to accompany the Virgen. There was discussion on which image should come first during the procession, until it was decided to put the Santo Cristo del Perdon first, not only to emphasize that Christ should be first (despite the popular belief that the more important image should be last) but also since the Cruzada is based on penance, the first image that the people should see must be that of suffering. In 1978 or 1979, San Fernando Archbishop Oscar V. Cruz wanted to solve the problem of the extremely slow pace of the Virgen’s provincial rounds. There was a proposal to have nine (9) new images made so that each of the diocese’s nine vicariates (cluster of parishes based on geography) would have its own Virgen. Msgr. De la Cruz informed Archbishop Cruz that “it was not the intention of Bishop Guerrero to have multiple images going around.” So the compromise was reached that only two images should go around, one for the northern towns of Pampanga, and one for the southern towns. But then again, the Bishop anticipated debate on which group of towns would get the canonically crowned image and which would get the new one. So he solomonically decided to have two new replicas made for the Cruzada in the north and the south, while the canonically crowned image would stay in the Chancery (Bishop’s residence) and would come out only every September 8 for the reenactment of the canonical coronation. (Many Kapampangans Kapampangans troop to a distant shrine in Manaoag when they have a similarly miraculous Virgen de los Remedios right in their midst. Problem is, all four images are said to be miraculous, as well as equally popular, so which one will the Church position as the official image? Virgen de los Remedios in Masantol in the early days of the Cruzada. (Romeo Cabusao) today erroneously call the annual event “canonical coronation;” the Virgen was canonically crowned only once, on September 8, 1956; the succeeding September 8 events are all merely anniversaries or reenactments of that first and only canonical coronation.) The two new images were introduced during the 1981 reenactment, held in Minalin. (Reenactments were held in whichever town the Virgen was visiting around the time of the anniversary; however, when flooding worsened after Pinatubo, especially in the southern towns, the archdiocese decided to hold the reenactment alternately between San Fernando and <strong>Angel</strong>es, simply because they are the only towns with enough facilities to accommodate the big crowds and because they are relatively dry during the monsoon season.) There are thus four identical images of the Virgen de los Remedios in Pampanga: the original in Baliti; the canonically crowned replica which is kept in the Chancery and taken out every September 8 for the annual reenactment; a third for the southern towns, and a fourth for the northern towns. Next year is the golden anniversary of the canonical coronation of the Virgen, to be held in San Fernando (instead of <strong>Angel</strong>es in accordance with the alternating arrangement; the explanation is that events of such significance should be held in the seat of the archdiocese). Meanwhile, the people of Barrio Baliti conduct their own non-canonical coronation of the Virgen, not once but twice a year. Reference: Msgr. Jose de la Cruz,” Souvenir Program of the 45 th Anniversary of the Canonical Coronation of Virgen de los Remedios”. 93
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2 Photos top to bottom: 1. Angeles
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RECENT Abueva Monsod Albano Romero
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The Center for Kapampangan Studies
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Center, cable networks co-produce c
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The San Fernando town hall during t
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American Historical Collection Hal
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Servicio Historico Militar joins Ab
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This pre-1754 map shows no sign of
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Mariano Henson wrote that the origi
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20 A A 1911 1911 A CCOUNT CCOUNT OF
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22 These days, the cities of San Fe
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24 TIMELINE OF SAN FERNANDO HISTORY
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egories of personal cedulas and the
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San Fernando church in ruins after
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San Fernando Bridge, formerly Puent
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San Fernando suffered a near-fatal
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star in mainstream society and was
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contracts, not even by order of the
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1796 Don Angel Pantaleon de Miranda
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The Pampangos transferred to its pr
Page 42 and 43: Fray Francis Musni/Convento de San
Page 44 and 45: Fort Stotsenburg, the precursor of
Page 46 and 47: Angeles Electric Corporation Doña
Page 48 and 49: Kapampangans played crucial roles i
Page 50 and 51: 50 TWO FUNERALS AND A WEDDING Funer
Page 52 and 53: which could seat more than ninety p
Page 54 and 55: The Early Principalia Since San Fer
Page 56 and 57: Hizon women in a 1976 pictorial org
Page 58: Children of Don Cristino Singian de
Page 61 and 62: Juan D. Nepomuceno with wife Teresa
Page 63 and 64: Dr. Jose Tayag and second wife Merc
Page 65 and 66: Rich landowner Sixto Timbol of Mexi
Page 67 and 68: ETYMOLOGY OF PLACENAMES IN SAN FERN
Page 69 and 70: Levi Panlilio Street in Sta. Lucia,
Page 71: ORIGIN OF PLACENAMES IN ANGELES Sal
Page 74 and 75: A wall of rampaging lahar in the Ab
Page 76 and 77: Pulúng Maragul is the place where
Page 78 and 79: 1881-1904: HOW SAN FERNANDO BECAME
Page 80 and 81: THE MOVABLE CAPITAL OF PAMPANGA Bac
Page 82 and 83: CITY CITY OF OF ANGELS ANGELS Resid
Page 84 and 85: The white and gold interior of the
Page 86 and 87: The interior of the Los Angeles de
Page 88 and 89: The US government used the Angeles
Page 90 and 91: On April 15, 1952, Kapampangans sta
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Page 96 and 97: While the common folk flock to the
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Page 100 and 101: The kalesa (calesa or carromata) or
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Page 104 and 105: In the years leading to 1991, Angel
Page 106 and 107: 106 GALLOPING ECONOMIES San Fernand
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Page 110 and 111: George Tapan Chito Madroño and Rey
Page 112 and 113: (Alex Castro) (Alex Castro) Louisa
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Page 116 and 117: PLA PLAYGR PLA GR GROUNDS GR OUNDS
Page 118 and 119: Complete list of Gobernadorcillos (
Page 120 and 121: Catalino Henson 1879-1880 Mariano C
Page 122 and 123: Complete list of Gobernadorcillos (
Page 124 and 125: All too often we discard them when
Page 126 and 127: 126 Highway near San Fernando in th
Page 128 and 129: 128 p.25 Sugar land owners’ count
Page 130 and 131: The Santos-Hizon House (Ivan Henare
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