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(1896). Gilbert collected this species as deep as 191 fm (349 m). The Albatross station data (Townsend
1901) show that one of the seven stations listed by Gilbert (1896) as collecting P. decurrens was sampled by
large beam trawl at 191 fm, and the rest were sampled at 21–56 fm. The greatest depth, even at 191 fm, was
far from the norm. Miller and Lea (1972) reported the correct maximum depth of 1,146 ft (191 fm).
Pleuronicthys guttulatus Girard, 1856. Diamond Turbot. To 45.7 cm (18 in) TL (Miller and Lea 1972). Cape
Mendocino, northern California to Cabo San Lucas, southern Baja California (Kramer et al. 1995);
isolated population in Gulf of California (Miller and Lea 1972). Benthic, surf zone and to 46 m (150 ft)
(min.: Carlisle et al. 1960; max.: Miller and Lea 1972). Recently as Hypsopsetta guttulata.
Pleuronichthys ocellatus Starks & Thompson, 1910. Ocellated Turbot. To 24 cm (9.4 in) TL (Sommer in
Fischer et al. 1995). Bahia Magdalena, southern Baja California (De La Cruz-Agüero et al. 1994) to
Gulf of California (Sommer in Fischer et al. 1995). Benthic, at depths of 1–140 m (3–459 ft; Sommer in
Fischer et al. 1995).
Pleuronichthys ritteri Starks & Morris, 1907. Catalina Sanddab or Spotted Turbot. To 29 cm (11 in) TL
(Kramer et al. 1995), reported to 33 cm (13.0 in) TL (RACE). Northern California (37°55'N; Weinberg
et al. 2002) to southern Baja California (24°12'N, 111°21'W; Cabrera Mancilla et al. 1988). Benthic,
at depths of 1–197 m (3–646 ft) (min.: Sommer in Fischer et al. 1995; max.: Martinez-Muñoz and
Ramirez-Cruz 1992).
Pleuronicthys verticalis Jordan & Gilbert, 1880. Hornyhead Turbot or Sharpridge Flounder. To 36.8 cm
(14.5 in) TL (Miller and Lea 1972). Oregon (Kramer et al. 1995) to Bahia Magdalena, southern Baja
California (Miller and Lea 1972); isolated population in Gulf of California (Eschmeyer and Herald
1983). Benthic, at depths of 5–237 m (16–777 ft) (min.: M. L., unpubl. data; max.: Martinez-Muñoz and
Ramirez-Cruz 1992).
Psettichthys melanostictus Girard, 1854. Fringe Sole or Sand Sole. To 63 cm (24.75 in) TL (Clemens and
Wilby 1961). Southeastern Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands from Unalaska Island to Port Heiden and Gulf
of Alaska (Allen and Smith 1988) to Balboa Pier, southern California (33°36'N, 117°54'W; M. L., unpubl.
data). Benthic, from intertidal area to 325 m (1,066 ft) (min.: Bolin 1975; max.: Allen and Smith 1988).
Reinhardtius hippoglossoides (Walbaum, 1792). Pacific Black Halibut or Greenland Halibut. To 130 cm
(51.2 in) TL (Fadeev 1987). North Atlantic, Arctic, and North Pacific; Japan and Okhotsk seas to Bering,
Chukchi, and Beaufort seas, and Aleutian Islands and Gulf of Alaska (Mecklenburg et al. 2002) to just
south of U.S.–Mexico border (Hubbs and Wilimovsky 1964); rare south of Alaska. Benthic, at depths of
14–2,000 m (46–6,562 ft; Allen and Smith 1988).
Family Achiridae — American Soles
Achirus mazatlanus (Steindachner, 1869). Mazatlán Sole or Pacific Lined Sole. To 20 cm (7.9 in) TL (Allen
and Robertson 1994). Islas Coronados, northern Baja California (Jordan 1923) to Puerto Pizarro, Peru
(Chirichigno 1974), including Gulf of California (Krupp in Fischer et al. 1995). Benthic, at depths of
1–55 m (3–180 ft) (min.: González-Acosta et al. 1999; max.: Amezcua Linares 1996). Fresh, brackish,
and marine waters (Krupp in Fischer et al. 1995).
*Achirus scutum (Günther, 1862). Network Sole. To 19 cm (7.5 in) TL (Robertson and Allen 2002). Gulf of
California (Krupp in Fischer et al. 1995) to Puerto Pizarro, Peru (Chirichigno 1974), including southern tip
of Baja California (Krupp in Fischer et al. 1995). Benthic, at 5–46 m (17–151 ft) (min.: Robertson and Allen
2002; max.: Krupp in Fischer et al. 1995). Brackish and marine waters (Krupp in Fischer et al. 1995).
*Trinectes fonsecensis (Günther, 1862). Spottedfin Sole or Spotted Sole. To 19 cm (7.5 in) TL (Robertson
and Allen 2002). Lower Gulf of California (Krupp in Fischer et al. 1995) to Paita, Peru (Chirichigno
1974), including southern tip of Baja California (Moser in Moser 1996) and Islas Galápagos (Grove and
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