Madagascar Aromatic and Medicinal Plants Value - Microlinks

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Firm-Level Upgrading Wholesalers, retailers, and exporters lack access to quality packaging and packing supplies Processors have not updated distillery technology; informal distilleries produce inferior products Wildcrafters, cultivators, and collectors are unable to upgrade operations; learning is not taking place at these levels Two levels: a) develop hand-crafted, naturalbased packaging for niche markets; b) investment in cluster industries (glass, etc.) supporting AMP and other sectors Technical training by BDS providers, field-exchange visits; decentralized testing laboratories Encourage wholesalers/ exporters to strengthen backward linkage. Use firms like Label CBD, BIONEXX, Phael Flor as models. Apply at firm level conformity to standards, norms and certification None specified Establish data bank of producers; establish communication links using IT when possible; put into place local NRM structures to preserve environment WEALTH/HEALTH: Some producers feel that employment in plantation could increase income security, health standards and access to more formal agricultural technology HEALTH: Government’s promotion of traditional medicinal practitioners increases range of health care options. Training of practitioners improves health care delivery. NATURE: Upgrading improves supply of raw materials for downstream actors; positive effect for local producers and ecosystems. MADAGASCAR AROMATIC AND MEDICINAL PLANT VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS 8
II. BACKGROUND A. INTRODUCTION Madagascar is one of the world’s poorest countries economically and one of its richest in biodiversity. Madagascar is the world’s fourth largest island, covering an area of 592,000 km 2. It contains at least 13,000 plant species, of which more than 80 percent are endemic and 3,500 are reported to have medicinal properties. With a per capita GDP of U.S. $809, Madagascar ranks 146 of 177 countries on the Human Development Index. 1 Seventy-four percent of its population lives in rural areas, and 78 percent of the rural population lives in poverty. 2 Agriculture accounts for the largest share of GDP (35 percent); economic growth has accelerated over past four years (5.2 percent in 2004), as the government shifted from socialist to private sectorled growth policies. Political strife associated with this transition set back the country, as key road infrastructure was destroyed. In spite of these challenges, the new government has shown a strong commitment to environmental programs. The most ambitious expression of this commitment was President Marc Ravalomanana’s 2003 pledge to increase Madagascar’s protected area from 1.7 million hectares to 6 million hectares—10 percent of the country’s surface area. This effort is known as the “Durban Vision.” Madagascar’s rural economy is based upon subsistence-oriented agriculture. Much of this agriculture is slash-and-burn (tavy), which has been a principal cause of forest cover and biodiversity loss. The challenges of improving standards of living among the rural poor and conserving biodiversity are interlinked in Madagascar, and a key issue is how to increase rural incomes and reduce the need for tavy. USAID/Madagascar’s Environment and Figure 1: Geographic Distribution of Poverty Natural Resource program has concentrated efforts to address the interlinked challenges of biodiversity conservation and rural poverty reduction by promoting alternatives to tavy along two of the country’s forest corridors: Zahamena-Mantadia and Ranamofana-Andringitra- Ivohibe. Madagascar has a long-standing ethno-medical tradition of plant use for prevention and healing. With the introduction of Western medicine on the island, reliance on traditional remedies gave way to prescribed drugs from large 1 Source: Human Development Report 2005; World Development Indicators database, April 2006 2 Source: The Wealth of the Poor (World Resources Report 2005) MADAGASCAR AROMATIC AND MEDICINAL PLANT VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS 9
Page 1 and 2: MADAGASCAR AROMATIC AND MEDICINAL P
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS i I.
Page 5 and 6: I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Context of stu
Page 7 and 8: collectors and small retailers repr
Page 9 and 10: competitiveness but that these impr
Page 11: Inter-Firm Cooperation (Vertical) D
Page 15 and 16: • reduce poverty through increase
Page 17 and 18: products, many of which have relati
Page 19 and 20: Table 1 summarizes the principal pl
Page 21 and 22: 1. EXPORT MARKETS In terms of value
Page 23 and 24: Table 3: Prevalence of Medicinal Pl
Page 25 and 26: the packets or herbal mixes sold by
Page 27 and 28: this process and offer potential ve
Page 29 and 30: period and do not take into account
Page 31 and 32: ownership) of natural resources fro
Page 33 and 34: have begun facilitating informal as
Page 35 and 36: 2. COLLECTORS Collectors and sub-co
Page 37 and 38: Table 8: Estimated Numbers of Forma
Page 39 and 40: mass local consumer. The simplicity
Page 41 and 42: Research institutions and laborator
Page 43 and 44: action to reduce pressure on the ec
Page 45 and 46: Table 12: Access Map Actor Type of
Page 47 and 48: Most plants wildcrafted from distur
Page 49 and 50: friction between formal and informa
Page 51 and 52: Table 15: Inter-Firm Cooperation (V
Page 53 and 54: Table 17: Firm-Level Upgrading Leve
Page 55 and 56: Constraint Action Timeframe Lead ab
Page 57 and 58: Support partners WHO ACTION Process
Page 59 and 60: V. CONCLUSION: LINKING VALUE CHAINS
Page 61 and 62: . Strengthening local government. R
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• The relationships between these
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ANNEX 2: EXPORT PRICE OF SELECT MAL
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Wildcrafting talepetraka Wildcrafti
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Small, formal distillery Stakeholde
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MADAGASCAR AROMATIC AND MEDICINAL P
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