Madagascar Aromatic and Medicinal Plants Value - Microlinks

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Figure 3: Aromatic and Medicinal Plant Value Chain Map Functions Support Services Retailing Wholesaling Processing Collection Production Input Supply Local market buyers Pharma c ies Herbalists Wellness centers Local market sellers Opportunistic distilleries (small) Sub - collectors (community members, foot or bike) Individual and community wildcrafters Madagascar Aromatic and Medicinal Plants Value Chain Opportunistic sellers Other processing: drying, creams, lotions, powder, essence Opportunistic collectors Cultivators Large collectors (outsiders, truck) Cosmetic and perfume industry Formal exporters and some local market sellers Formal distilleries (essential oils) Plantation owners Nurseries Packaging Importers Niche retail Integrated producer to wholesaler Pharma - ceut ical industry Scarce financing and advisory services Very few organic, fair trade, sustainability certification and environ mental audit services Machinery, equipment and maintenance services Research centers and laboratories No financial services, some NGOs, donor projects, sparse investments Some NRM technical support from Water and Forests MADAGASCAR AROMATIC AND MEDICINAL PLANT VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS 16
1. EXPORT MARKETS In terms of value, it is estimated that 80-90 percent of Madagascar’s AMP products are intended for export, the majority of which are essential oils. Exports totaled $4 million in 2004. There is growing demand (8-15 percent per year) 3 for many popular species of medicinal plants in Europe, North America and Asia. Factors and market trends that will potentially increase the demand for medicinal plants are: • increased costs of institutional and pharmaceutical-based health care • search for new drugs and treatments of serious diseases • consumers seeking an alternative or complement to pharmaceutical drugs and modern healthcare • large pharmaceutical and over-the-counter companies placing botanical medicines more strongly on the mass market through increased advertising budgets and media attention • increased emphasis on safety, efficacy and quality that could push producers in Madagascar to increase research and development, thereby improving the quality of medicinal products to conform to international standards • increased requests for organically certified raw material or value-added products, especially for the development of new products (e.g., medicines, nutritional supplements, cosmetics). The European Union is the largest importer of AMP products, accounting for 38 percent of the world market in 2001. The leading country for AMP demand in Europe is Germany, constituting over 42 percent of the European market, followed by France (25 percent), Italy (9 percent) and the UK (8 percent). The medicinal plant trade is largely conducted through Germany: most importers are found in Germany and it is the leading market for exporters from developing countries. In 2000, the world market for herbal remedies was U.S. $19.4 billion: Europe $6.7 billion, Asia $5.1 billion, North America $4.0 billion, Japan $2.2 billion, and the rest of the world at $1.4 billion. 4 The main world competitors for lesser-developed country exporters of aromatic and medicinal plants are China, Singapore, Brazil and Egypt, which are the leading suppliers in the world market (Table 2). 3 FAO (2002), Biodiversity and Ecosystem Approach in Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries: http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/Y4586E/Y4586E00.htm 4 WWF-UK, Trade in Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Factsheet 4: http://www.wwf.org.uk/filelibrary/pdf/tradeplants.pdf MADAGASCAR AROMATIC AND MEDICINAL PLANT VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS 17
Page 1 and 2: MADAGASCAR AROMATIC AND MEDICINAL P
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS i I.
Page 5 and 6: I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Context of stu
Page 7 and 8: collectors and small retailers repr
Page 9 and 10: competitiveness but that these impr
Page 11 and 12: Inter-Firm Cooperation (Vertical) D
Page 13 and 14: II. BACKGROUND A. INTRODUCTION Mada
Page 15 and 16: • reduce poverty through increase
Page 17 and 18: products, many of which have relati
Page 19: Table 1 summarizes the principal pl
Page 23 and 24: Table 3: Prevalence of Medicinal Pl
Page 25 and 26: the packets or herbal mixes sold by
Page 27 and 28: this process and offer potential ve
Page 29 and 30: period and do not take into account
Page 31 and 32: ownership) of natural resources fro
Page 33 and 34: have begun facilitating informal as
Page 35 and 36: 2. COLLECTORS Collectors and sub-co
Page 37 and 38: Table 8: Estimated Numbers of Forma
Page 39 and 40: mass local consumer. The simplicity
Page 41 and 42: Research institutions and laborator
Page 43 and 44: action to reduce pressure on the ec
Page 45 and 46: Table 12: Access Map Actor Type of
Page 47 and 48: Most plants wildcrafted from distur
Page 49 and 50: friction between formal and informa
Page 51 and 52: Table 15: Inter-Firm Cooperation (V
Page 53 and 54: Table 17: Firm-Level Upgrading Leve
Page 55 and 56: Constraint Action Timeframe Lead ab
Page 57 and 58: Support partners WHO ACTION Process
Page 59 and 60: V. CONCLUSION: LINKING VALUE CHAINS
Page 61 and 62: . Strengthening local government. R
Page 63 and 64: • The relationships between these
Page 65 and 66: ANNEX 2: EXPORT PRICE OF SELECT MAL
Page 67 and 68: Wildcrafting talepetraka Wildcrafti
Page 69 and 70: Small, formal distillery Stakeholde
Page 71 and 72:
MADAGASCAR AROMATIC AND MEDICINAL P
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