american samoa - University of Hawaii at Manoa

More documents

Recommendations

Info

SPECIES FAMILY FLOWERING DATES FRUITING DATES MONOCOTS AGAVACEAE Cordyline fruticosa 1 2 - 4 - - -8-101112 1 - -4 -678 - -1112 ARACEAE Epipremnum pinnatum - - - - - - - - - 10 -- -- Rhaphidophora graeffei - - - -5 -78 -10 -- -- FLAGELLARIACEAE Flagellaria gigantea - - - - - - - - - ---- -- - - - - - - - 8-10 -- -- IIELICONIACEAE Heliconia laufao - - -45 - -89 -- -- -- - - -45 - -89 -- PANDANACEAE Freycinetia reineckei - - - - -67 - - -- -- 12 1 - - - - - 7 8 - -- Freycinetia storckii - - - - - -78 - -- - - - - - - 7 8 9 10 -- 12 Pandanus reineckei - - - - - - - - ------- - - - - 5 - - - - 10 -- -- Pandanus tectorius 1 - - - - - 7 - - -- 11 -- 123 - - -7 - - -- TACCACEAE Tacca leontopetaloides 123 -567 - -10 -12 ZINGIBERACEAE Zingiber zerumbet 1 2 3 - - - - - 9 -- 11 12
APPENDIX D. THE OFU UNIT OF THE NATIONAL PARK OF AMERICAN SAMOA INTRODUCTION Part of the island of Ofu in Manu'a is to be included in the National Park of American Samoa, principally because of the superb reefs located there. A botanical survey was carried out on the island on the 14th to the 16th of June 1992. The island, which is about 7.5 km2 (3 mi2) in area, is located about 95 km (60 mi) east of the main island of Tutuila. It is part of the caldera rim of an ancient volcano, and is separated from the somewhat similar, adjacent island of Olosega by a narrow strait now crossed by a concrete bridge. The highest elevation of Ofu is Mt. Tumu at nearly 500 m (1621 ft) elevation. A single village is present on the west side of the island, but several houses and a small terminal building are located next to the airstrip, which lies in an east-west direction at the south-central tip of the island. Perhaps only two houses are found adjacent to the park area itself. The area under consideration is a narrow strip of land along the southeast-facing coast, extending from just east of the airport to Asaga Strait that separates Ofu from Olosega. This includes the pinnacle called Sunitao Peak that extends up to 230 m (750 ft) elevation. The road from O h Village to Olosega represents the landward edge of the park boundary. Although not in the original proposed boundaries, the steep slopes leading to Mt. Tumu are important to the integrity of the park, so they, along with the summit of the island, were included in the present study. Ofu is a very small island, and it is not surprising that it has a flora much smaller than that of Tutuila; its flora is also much smaller than that of the nearby Ta'u documented in the early study for the National Park Service (Whistler 1992b). A checklist of the island is found in the vegetation study of American Samoa (Whistler 1980). Perhaps only three species found on Ofu are not found on Tutuila; Psychotria garberiana, which is endemic to Manu'a, Gyrocar- pus americanus, which in American Samoa is reported only from Ofu (Nu'utele Islet), and Crateva religiosa, which in American Samoa is reported only from Ofu. THE VEGETATION The plant communities found on Ofu are the same ones described from the park area on Tutuila. Each of the natural communities present will be briefly described. For more general remarks about these communities and the disturbed communities (managed land, secondary scrub, secondary forest), see the comparable sections in the discussion of the vegetation of Tutuila. 1. Herbaceous Strand The herbaceous strand is found along the whole length of the beach from the airstrip to the bridge separating the two islands. It is very narrow in extent, and is mostly not distinct from the littoral forest, largely because of its extensively damaged condition. The shore from the airport to Mt. Sunitao is a sandy beach, but at Sunitao it becomes rocky and almost vertical in places, before returning to sand just before the bridge. The dominant plants on the sandy beach is the beach morning-glory vine Ipomoea pes-caprae (beach morning-glory, fue moa) with lesser amounts of the littoral grasses Lepturus repens, Stenotaphrum micranthum, and Thuarea involuta. Other species present include Vigna marina (beach pea, fue sina), Triumfetta procumbens, Portulaca samoensis, Digitaria setigera, Tacca leontopetaloides (Polynesian arrowroot, masoa), and Chamaesyce atoto. All of these, except for Chamaesyce and Triumfetta are found within the Tutuila park. Several other species of weeds are present, but they are secondary in importance to the native species. The dominant herbaceous plants on ~initao Peak are Phymatosorus scolopendria (lau magamaga) on rocky places and Lepturus repens on the gravel of talus slopes. Other native plants present include Portulaca samoensis, Portulaca lutea, Hedyotis foetida, and Mariscus javanicus. These plants are mixed in with shrubs, which will be noted below under littoral shrubland.
Page 1 and 2:
COOPERATIVE NATIONAL PARK RESOURCES
Page 3 and 4:
TABLE OF CONTENTS I . INTRODUCTION
Page 5 and 6:
LEGEND B \ PROPOSED PARK AREA OFU I
Page 7 and 8:
Figure 3 VEGETATION TYPE MAP Tutuil
Page 9 and 10:
Figure 4. Pago Pago Bay, with Mt. M
Page 11 and 12:
'IJpolu, and 'Ta'u as well). The on
Page 13 and 14:
nu pucijicuJ; an Eurya? [Eurya pick
Page 15 and 16:
category recognized in the report o
Page 17 and 18:
Figure 10. Tuafanua Beach west of V
Page 19 and 20:
Figure 12. Littoral shrubland veget
Page 21 and 22:
Figure 14. Littoral shrubland veget
Page 23 and 24:
Figure 16. Littoral forest north of
Page 25 and 26:
Soils differ in origin and age of t
Page 27 and 28:
example on Tutuila is the climbing
Page 29 and 30:
When undisturbed, the floor of the
Page 31 and 32:
incrme (aloalo tai) may also be com
Page 34 and 35:
coastal ridges, decreases in import
Page 36 and 37:
Scvcral other trees are characteris
Page 38 and 39:
poIvon/l~os, Dtrvulliu solidu (whic
Page 40 and 41:
Although Mauga-o-Tula lacks some of
Page 42 and 43:
introduced weeds, many of the Polyn
Page 44 and 45:
even mature secondary forest, it le
Page 46 and 47:
there). No increased access should
Page 48 and 49:
Whistler, W. A. 1976. Wetlands of A
Page 50 and 51:
Acrostichum aureum L. [swamp fern]
Page 52 and 53:
Uncommon in montane to cloud forest
Page 54 and 55:
171 ; Setchell 393; Christophersen
Page 56 and 57:
of the costa. Uncommon in montane t
Page 58 and 59:
liom China to I'itcairn Island. USE
Page 60 and 61:
lamina deeply cut into 1-10 lobes,
Page 62 and 63:
Antrophyum alatum Bracken. VITTARIA
Page 64 and 65:
weed in villages and along roadside
Page 66 and 67:
650 111 clevi~tion. A modern introd
Page 68 and 69:
Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. [ironwe
Page 70 and 71:
Uncomnion in secondary forest, prob
Page 72 and 73:
from near sea level to 400 m elevat
Page 74 and 75:
*Charnaesyce prostrata (Ait.) Small
Page 76 and 77:
elevation. A modern introduction, n
Page 78 and 79: Macroptilium lathyroides (L.) Urb.
Page 80 and 81: Cyrtandra samoensis A. Gray momolea
Page 82 and 83: 'Thespesia populnea (L.) Sol. ex Co
Page 84 and 85: Ficus prolixa Forst. f. [banyan] ao
Page 86 and 87: found in Tonga, Futuna, and Fiji. S
Page 88 and 89: Peperomia pellucida (L,.) Kunth POL
Page 90 and 91: *Gardenia taitensis DC. "Hedyotis c
Page 92 and 93: elevation. This species should be t
Page 94 and 95: "Physalis angulata L. 1 wild cape g
Page 96 and 97: *Etatosterna scabriusculum Setchell
Page 98 and 99: Epipremnum pinnaturn (L.) Engl. Ili
Page 100 and 101: Mariscus secmannianus (Boeck.) Pall
Page 102 and 103: *Bulbophyllurn samoanum Schlechter
Page 104 and 105: Malaxis resupinata (Forst. f.) Kunt
Page 106 and 107: F. homhronii Mart.; it differs from
Page 108 and 109: this in D. ciliaris, but the two ha
Page 110 and 111: Paspalurn orbiculare Forst. f. Mcdi
Page 112 and 113: APPENDIX B: PLOT DATA (Basal area i
Page 114 and 115: PLOT 4: MULIULU LOWLAND RIDGE FORES
Page 116 and 117: PLOT 6: TIATAUALA LOWLAND RIDGE FOR
Page 118 and 119: PLOT 8: OLO LOWLAND RIDGE FOREST (2
Page 120 and 121: PLOT 10: AMALAU LOWLAND VALLEY FORE
Page 122 and 123: PLOT 12: ALAVA MONTANE FOREST* (400
Page 124 and 125: APPENDIX C: SEASONALITY OF IMPORTAN
Page 126 and 127: MORACEAE Ikus godcfl'royi 1;icus ob
Page 130 and 131: 2. Littoral Shrubland Two types of
Page 132 and 133: the relatively undisturbed places,
Page 134 and 135: harvcyana (laupata), Morinda citrif
Page 136 and 137: APPENDIX F. SUMMARY OF THE VASCULAR
Page 138 and 139: VIlTAKIACEAE Amrophyurn alaturn Ant
Page 140 and 141: Species FAMILY Status* E I P M ....
Page 142 and 143: MYRSINACEAE Embelia vaupelii Maesa
Page 144 and 145: Species FAMILY Status* E I P M VEKB
Page 146: ...................................
show all

american samoa - University of Hawaii at Manoa

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?