american samoa - University of Hawaii at Manoa

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"Physalis angulata L. 1 wild cape gooseberry] vivao Erect herb with alternate leaves, pale yellow, rotate flowers, and a bladder-like calyx enclosing a small edible berry. Common in croplands and other disturbed places. Apparently a Polynesian introduction, native to tropical America. USEE s.n. (n.s.); Lamoureux 3059; Whistler 32 1, 1468, 8437. *Solanurn americanum Mill. [black nightshade] mgalo lirect herb with alternate leaves, small white flowers bearing yellow stamens and reflexed petals, and a shiny black, globose berry. Occasional in disturbed places, reported from near sea level to 1750 m elevation. Apparently a Polynesian introduction, or perhaps indigenous, native to tropical or subtropical America. USEE sen.; Wilder 45; Whistler 8436. *Solanurn viride Forst. f. ex Spreng. polo Shrub with alternate, mostly pubescent leaves, many-flowered inflorescences of white flowers, and small red, tomato-like fruits. Rare in coastal forest, reported only from the lowlands. Indigenous or possibly a naturalized Polynesian introduction, but now rare. Wilder 20?; Meebold 8236?; Whistler 8067. Kleinhovia hospita L. f'u'afu'a STERCULIACEAE Medium-sized tree with alternate cordate leaves, pink tlowers, and an inflated capsule. Common in disturbed places and secondary forest, reported from near sea level to 500 m elevation. Indigenous, ranging from tropical Asia to western Polynesia. Setchell 373; Mitchell 537; Yuncker 9358; Wisner 94; Whistler 901 7!. "Melochia aristata A. Gray ma'o Shrub with alternate cordate leaves, pink flowers, and a small ovoid capsule. Occasional in disturbed places and secondary forest, reported from near sea level to 700 m elevation. Indigenous, also found in Tonga and the Tuamotu Islands. Setchell 5 12; Whistler 8443. Sterculia fanaiho Setchell fana'io Medium-sized tree with alternate leaves having the blade angled to the petiole, small reddish flowers, and a large reddish-brown capsule containing a few large seeds. Occasional in coastal to montane forest, reported from near sea level to 600 m elevation. Indigenous, also found in Tonga, Niue, Rotuma, and Futuna. Setchell 103, 147, 426, 436, 577; Christophersen 1 134!. THEACEAE Eurya pickeringii A. Gray Shrub with toothed, alternate leaves, small cream- colored flowers, and a subglobose fruit. Occasional in montane scrub to cloud forest, reported from 100 to 1700 m elevation. This identification needs veri- fication, since several questionable species names have been used in Samoa. Indigenous, also found on Rapa. USEE s.n. (n.s.); Christophersen 1049, 1069, 3510, 35 13, 3530; Whistler 271 1, 2769!, 3347,3350,8688,9004!. THYMELAEACEAE *Phaleria disperma (Forst. f.) Baill. suni Shrub or small tree with opposite leaves, fragrant, long, white, tubular flowers, and red subglobose fruits. Occasional in littoral and coastal forest, reported from near sea level to 100 m elevation. Indigenous, also found in Fiji, Tonga, and the Home Islands. Whistler 2848, 3856, 8434. Phaleria glabra (Turrill) Domke suni vao Shrub with opposite leaves, long tubular white flowers, and red hits. Occasional in coastal to montane forest, reported from near sea level to 900 m elevation. Indigenous, also found in Fiji. Reinecke 171; Christophersen 1001; Wisner 1 19; Kuruc 1 18; Whistler 2866, 3608, 3644, 8478, 8653!. Wikstroemia foetida (L. f.) A. Gray Shrub with opposite leaves, small yellow flowers in few-flowered clusters, and a fleshy orange, subglobose fruit. Occasional in sunny disturbed forest and scrub, reported from 75 to 1530 m elevation. Indigenous, ranging from Fiji to Tahiti. Setchell
331; Garber 786, 878; Christophersen 3555; Yuncker 9345, 94 18; Sledge s.n.; Whistler 2907, 2928,871 11, 8999!. TILIACEAE Grewia crenata (Forst.) Schinz & Guillaumin fauui Small tree with alternate leaves, white 5-merous flowers with many stamens, and a 2- to 4-lobed fruit. Uncommon in coastal forest, reported only from the lowlands. Indigenous, ranging from New Caledonia to the Society Islands. Setchell 149; Bryan 969, 1015; Meebold 8212, 21350, 26579; Spence 494; Whistler 1451, 1471,2839. Trichospermum richii (A. Gray) Seem. ma'o sina Medium-sized tree with alternate leaves having a pair of basal glands, stellate pubescent, white flowers with many stamens, and a flattened, winged, obovate fruit. Occasional in lowland to montane forest, reported from 100 to 910 m elevation. Indigenous, also found in Fiji. Christophersen 3570; Meebold 2 1350; Whistler 2777,2959. *Triumfetta procumbens Forst. f. mautofu tai Prostrate shrub with alternate leaves, showy yellow flowers having numerous stamens, and a bur-like fruit. Uncommon on sandy beaches, reported only from near sea level. Indigenous, ranging from Malaysia to the Tuamotu Islands. Setchell 409; Whistler 9178. "Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq. mautofu Shrub with alternate, palmately lobed leaves, small, sessile, axillary, yellow flowers bearing many stamens, and a small, globose, bur-like fruit. Occa- sional to common in disturbed places, reported only in the lowlands. A modem introduction, native to the Old World tropics. Setchell33 8; Wilder 37. Trema cannabina Lour. magele ULMACEAE Small tree with coarse lanceolate leaves, tiny greenish white flowers, and dense clusters of drupes. Occasional in disturbed forest and clearings, reported from near sea level to 300 m elevation. Indigenous, ranging from India to Niue and perhaps farther eastward. Setchell 263; Wilder 25; Garber 902; Wisner 18; Whistler 3 1 15, 8982!. URTICACEAE *Boehmeria virgata (Forst. f.) Guillemin Small tree with coarse, ovate to elliptic, mostly glabrous, serrate to crenate leaves, and tiny incon- spicuous flowers in long spikes. Uncommon in disturbed forests and clearings, reported from 200 to 1400 m elevation. Indigenous, ranging from Vanuatu and the Caroline Islands to the Marquesas. Christophersen 987; Whistler 9080. Cypholophus macrocephalus Wedd. faupata Shrub with ovate, rugose leaves, tiny greenish flowers in dense, sessile axillary clusters, and tiny orange drupes. Occasional in montane forest, reported from 240 to 900 m elevation. Indigenous, ranging from Fiji to the Society Islands. Setchell 44, 79; Bryan 80; Mitchell 576; Yuncker 9435!; Whistler 8977!. Dendrocnide harveyi (Seem.) Chew [stinging-nettle tree] salato Medium-sized to large, soft-wooded tree with ovate leaves 3-5-veined from the base, stinging hairs, tiny green flowers, and tiny green achenes. Rare in lowland to montane forest on Tutuila, reported from near sea level to 800 m elevation. Indigenous, ranging from Fiji to Niue. Christophersen 3583!; Whistler 8065, 9169. *Elatostema grandifolium Reinecke Large herb with large alternate leaves having crenate margins, and tiny green to white flowers. Occa- sional to common in montane forest, reported from 400 to 890 m elevation. Endemic. Graeffe 1334. *Elatostema samoense Reinecke Small herb with alternate leaves, serrate leaf margins, variable appearance, and tiny greenish flowers. Rare in montane forest, reported from 550 to 700 m elevation. Endemic. Reinecke 503.
Page 1 and 2:
COOPERATIVE NATIONAL PARK RESOURCES
Page 3 and 4:
TABLE OF CONTENTS I . INTRODUCTION
Page 5 and 6:
LEGEND B \ PROPOSED PARK AREA OFU I
Page 7 and 8:
Figure 3 VEGETATION TYPE MAP Tutuil
Page 9 and 10:
Figure 4. Pago Pago Bay, with Mt. M
Page 11 and 12:
'IJpolu, and 'Ta'u as well). The on
Page 13 and 14:
nu pucijicuJ; an Eurya? [Eurya pick
Page 15 and 16:
category recognized in the report o
Page 17 and 18:
Figure 10. Tuafanua Beach west of V
Page 19 and 20:
Figure 12. Littoral shrubland veget
Page 21 and 22:
Figure 14. Littoral shrubland veget
Page 23 and 24:
Figure 16. Littoral forest north of
Page 25 and 26:
Soils differ in origin and age of t
Page 27 and 28:
example on Tutuila is the climbing
Page 29 and 30:
When undisturbed, the floor of the
Page 31 and 32:
incrme (aloalo tai) may also be com
Page 34 and 35:
coastal ridges, decreases in import
Page 36 and 37:
Scvcral other trees are characteris
Page 38 and 39:
poIvon/l~os, Dtrvulliu solidu (whic
Page 40 and 41:
Although Mauga-o-Tula lacks some of
Page 42 and 43:
introduced weeds, many of the Polyn
Page 44 and 45: even mature secondary forest, it le
Page 46 and 47: there). No increased access should
Page 48 and 49: Whistler, W. A. 1976. Wetlands of A
Page 50 and 51: Acrostichum aureum L. [swamp fern]
Page 52 and 53: Uncommon in montane to cloud forest
Page 54 and 55: 171 ; Setchell 393; Christophersen
Page 56 and 57: of the costa. Uncommon in montane t
Page 58 and 59: liom China to I'itcairn Island. USE
Page 60 and 61: lamina deeply cut into 1-10 lobes,
Page 62 and 63: Antrophyum alatum Bracken. VITTARIA
Page 64 and 65: weed in villages and along roadside
Page 66 and 67: 650 111 clevi~tion. A modern introd
Page 68 and 69: Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. [ironwe
Page 70 and 71: Uncomnion in secondary forest, prob
Page 72 and 73: from near sea level to 400 m elevat
Page 74 and 75: *Charnaesyce prostrata (Ait.) Small
Page 76 and 77: elevation. A modern introduction, n
Page 78 and 79: Macroptilium lathyroides (L.) Urb.
Page 80 and 81: Cyrtandra samoensis A. Gray momolea
Page 82 and 83: 'Thespesia populnea (L.) Sol. ex Co
Page 84 and 85: Ficus prolixa Forst. f. [banyan] ao
Page 86 and 87: found in Tonga, Futuna, and Fiji. S
Page 88 and 89: Peperomia pellucida (L,.) Kunth POL
Page 90 and 91: *Gardenia taitensis DC. "Hedyotis c
Page 92 and 93: elevation. This species should be t
Page 96 and 97: *Etatosterna scabriusculum Setchell
Page 98 and 99: Epipremnum pinnaturn (L.) Engl. Ili
Page 100 and 101: Mariscus secmannianus (Boeck.) Pall
Page 102 and 103: *Bulbophyllurn samoanum Schlechter
Page 104 and 105: Malaxis resupinata (Forst. f.) Kunt
Page 106 and 107: F. homhronii Mart.; it differs from
Page 108 and 109: this in D. ciliaris, but the two ha
Page 110 and 111: Paspalurn orbiculare Forst. f. Mcdi
Page 112 and 113: APPENDIX B: PLOT DATA (Basal area i
Page 114 and 115: PLOT 4: MULIULU LOWLAND RIDGE FORES
Page 116 and 117: PLOT 6: TIATAUALA LOWLAND RIDGE FOR
Page 118 and 119: PLOT 8: OLO LOWLAND RIDGE FOREST (2
Page 120 and 121: PLOT 10: AMALAU LOWLAND VALLEY FORE
Page 122 and 123: PLOT 12: ALAVA MONTANE FOREST* (400
Page 124 and 125: APPENDIX C: SEASONALITY OF IMPORTAN
Page 126 and 127: MORACEAE Ikus godcfl'royi 1;icus ob
Page 128 and 129: SPECIES FAMILY FLOWERING DATES FRUI
Page 130 and 131: 2. Littoral Shrubland Two types of
Page 132 and 133: the relatively undisturbed places,
Page 134 and 135: harvcyana (laupata), Morinda citrif
Page 136 and 137: APPENDIX F. SUMMARY OF THE VASCULAR
Page 138 and 139: VIlTAKIACEAE Amrophyurn alaturn Ant
Page 140 and 141: Species FAMILY Status* E I P M ....
Page 142 and 143: MYRSINACEAE Embelia vaupelii Maesa
Page 144 and 145:
Species FAMILY Status* E I P M VEKB
Page 146:
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