DARLING RIVERINE PLAINS BIOREGION Background Report

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16/08/02 Darling Riverine Plains Bioregion Background Report Table 7.1 (NSW Agriculture, 2001) Declared noxious weeds occurring within the DRP Scientific Name Common Name Categories Area Declared Alternanthera pungens khaki weed W2 W Heliotropium amplexicaule blue heliotrope W2 Bo, C, L, Nbi, Nmn Raphanus raphanistrum wild radish W2 L, P Cuscuta campestris golden dodder W2 Bo, Bk, Bre, CD, C, L, MP, Nbi, Nmn, P, U, W Sorghum halepense Johnson grass W2 Bo, Bk, Bre, CD, C, L, MP, Nbi, Nmn, P, U, W Cenchrus incertus W2 Bk, Bre, C, L, MP, Nbi, Nmn, P, W Cestrum parqui green cestrum W2 Bo, Bk, Bre, CD, C, MP, Nbi, Nmn, P, U Lycium ferocissimum African boxthorn W2 Bk, Bre, CD, C, L, MP, Nbi, P, U, W Solanum rostratum pincushion nightshade W2 L Ibicella lutea yellow-flowered devil's W2, W3 W, L, P claw Asphodelus fistulosus onion weed W3 W Xanthium occidentale noogoora burr W3 Bo, Bk, Bre, C, L, MP, Nbi, Nmn, P, W Xanthium orientale Californian burr W3 Bo, Bk, Bre, C, L, MP, Nbi, Nmn, P, W Xanthium spinosum Bathurst burr W3 Bo, Bk, Bre, C, L, MP, Nbi, Nmn, P, W Echium plantagineum Patterson's curse W3 MP Salvia reflexa mintweed W3 MP Marrubium vulgare horehound W3 W Pennisetum villosum feathertop W3 MP Phyla canescens lippia W4c MP Phyla nodiflora var nodiflora lippia W4c MP Opuntia aurantiaca tiger pear W4f Bo, Bk, Bre, CD, C, L, MP, Nbi, Nmn, P, U, W Opuntia stricta prickly pear W4f Bo, Bk, Bre, CD, C, L, MP, Nbi, Nmn, P, U, W Opuntia stricta var stricta common prickly pear W4f Bo, Bk, Bre, CD, C, L, MP, Nbi, Nmn, P, U, W KEY Bo Bogan MP Moree Plains Bk Bourke Nbi Narrabri Bre Brewarrina Nmn Narromine CD Central Darling P Parkes C Cobar U Unincorporated L Lachlan W Wentworth 1.1.2 Dense tree and shrub regeneration The problem of unpalatable native shrubs or ‘woody weeds’ in this region is viewed as a threat to both agriculture and conservation. Woody weeds are dense regeneration of some native species of trees and woody shrubs as a result of favourable climatic conditions in association with the prevailing agricultural management of the land. The Macquarie-Bogan floodplain has extensive areas of ‘woody weeds’ with most occurring to the west of the Bogan River adjacent to the Barwon River. Shrubs regarded as a problem include Eremophila sturtii, Eremophila mitchellii, Dodonaea viscosa subsp. angustissima, Senna artemisioides var. nemophila (punty bush) and Senna artemisioides (silver cassia) (Howling 1997, Noble 1997). There is an urgent need to research the ecological processes producing the ‘woody weed problem’. It is important to remember that they are native species and that they have been recorded as growing in impenetrable densities at the time the early explorers moved through this region and some prefer or are restricted to dense communities. 128
16/08/02 Darling Riverine Plains Bioregion Background Report 7.3.2 Kangaroos Aerial survey by NPWS of red and grey kangaroos Macropus rufus, M. giganteus and M. fuliginosus in 1995 and 1996 indicate that densities in the western region portion of the DRP vary from quite low to moderately high and vary between years. Extremely high numbers of kangaroos occur through the Gingham watercourse subjecting the regularly flooded areas to extremely high grazing pressure (McCosker 1996). All wetlands within the DRP potentially become drought refuges in dry years, leading to very high numbers concentrated in relatively small areas and, therefore, increased grazing pressure in these areas. 7.3.3 Feral animals The alluvial plains and basins of the DRP in the Western Division are considered to be primary pig habitat. Pigs are widespread throughout the DRP. However large number occur in richer areas such as the Gingham wetlands and the Macquarie Marshes. Numbers have been reduced significantly in these two wetlands through control programs. This needs to be maintained. Foxes and cats are present in the Gingham wetlands and the Macquarie Marshes and can cause significant damage to the nesting waterbirds and their fledglings. Other feral mammal species recorded in the DRP are listed in section 5.5.4. 7.4 OTHER THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY Other factors considered to potentially reduce biodiversity in the DRP include illegal hunting and collecting, firewood collection and private timber harvesting. The effects of salinity on wetland, river and land health are discussed in Chapter 2. 7.4.1 Firewood collection and timber harvesting on private lands The tree species most commonly used for firewood in NSW are Eucalyptus polyanthemos (red box), Eucalyptus melliodora, Eucalyptus blakelyi and Eucalyptus camaldulensis, all of which occur and are harvested in the DRP. Seventy six per cent of all firewood collected in New South Wales is taken from fallen timber resources, 19% from standing dead timber and 5% from standing live timber. Many species of invertebrates feed on dead wood and are likely to be adversely affected by firewood collection. This affects other species such as fungi that rely on these invertebrates for their dispersal and also affects the rates of decay within forests and woodlands (Driscoll et al. 2000). Firewood distribution to wood yards can also distribute invertebrate species outside their natural range and enhance the potential for competition with local indigenous species (Todd & Horwitz 1990). Threatened species recorded in the DRP which may be affected by firewood collection include the spotted-tailed quoll, squirrel glider, square-tailed kite, bush stone curlew, glossy black-cockatoo, superb parrot, turquoise parrot, barking owl, masked owl, regent honeyeater, painted honeyeater and Hoplocephalus bitorquatus (Driscoll et al. 2000). Timber harvesting particularly affects tree-dwelling or hollow-nesting native fauna and can destroy understorey vegetation and vegetation structure, which is also essential for the maintenance of biodiversity (Benson 1999). 129
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DARLING RIVERINE PLAINS BIOREGION B
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For more information data contact t
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3.2 Vegetation Mapping and Descript
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10 APPENDICES 166 A CLIMATIC DATA B
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List of Maps Chapter 1 Map 1 Locati
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PROJECT SUMMARY This report forms p
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abbits are listed as key threatenin
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16/08/02 Darling Riverine Plains Bi
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ainfall (mm) 900 800 700 600 500 40
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Family Scientific Name cretica Comm
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APPENDIX E: Fauna Other than Those
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Common Name Scientific Name No Reco
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Common 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 198
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Taxa No Records Dataset Class Arach
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Taxa No Records Dataset Family Hebr
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Taxa No Records Dataset Tabanidae s
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Taxa No Records Dataset Berosus sp
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