Bushland Weeds Manual - Environmental Weeds Action Network

Notes References
Bio
accumulation
Average half-life
in water
Absorbed by Mode of action Average soil half-life Mobility in
soil
Basic properties Target weed
species
Poison
schedule
312, 305,
119, 35,
349, 226,
247
Toxic to most grasses except Vulpia
spp and Poa annua . Toxic to fish.
15 days low stable high potential
in aquatic
organisms
foliage Inhibits acetyl-CoA
carboxylase preventing the
synthesis of lipids required
for growth and maintenance
of cell membranes.
annual
and perennial
grasses
S6 systemic,
selective,
non-residual,
post- emergent
Fluazifop-p-butyl
(Fusilade 212 ® )
Moderately toxic to aquatic species. 119, 61,
247
1 hour to 40 days
(dependent on
product)
5-25 days lowmoderate
Inhibits acetyl-CoA
carboxylase preventing the
synthesis of lipids required
for growth and maintenance
of cell membranes.
foliage and
roots
some annual
and perennial
grasses
Sethoxydim (Sertin Plus ® ) S5 systemic,
selective,
post- emergent,
non-residual.
Chapter 8 Herbicide Use in Bushland
Table 1. Properties of some herbicides used on bushland weeds.
312, 204,
119, 219,
220
47 days low 12 days to 10 weeks none known Little to no soil activity. In wetlands
use special aquatic formulations.
foliage Inhibits the shikimic acid
pathway depleting aromatic
amino acids required for
protein construction.
annual
and perennial
weeds
S5 systemic,
broad spectrum,
non-residual,
post- emergent
Glyphosate (RoundUp ® ,
RoundUp BiActive ® ,
Glyphosate 360 ® & others)
312, 106,
119, 247
Environmental persistence (up to 2
years). Poses risk of groundwater
contamination. Most grasses are
resistant. Slight to moderate toxicity
to fish and aquatic organisms.
slight in fish,
none recorded in
milk or tissue of
mammals
1-40 days
(depending on
sunlight
intensity)
moderatehigh
20 - 300 days
(average 90 days)
Auxin mimic - causes
uncontrolled, disorganised
growth.
foliage and
root uptake
annual and
perennial
broadleaf
weeds, vines,
and woody
plants
S6 systemic,
selective,
residual
Picloram + Triclopyr
(Grazon DS ® or Access ® )
119, 247,
104
little to none Commonly used herbicide. Low to
non-toxic to birds, fish and bees.
NOTE: The ester formulation is
highly toxic to aquatic organisms.
3 hours
to 4 days
moderatehigh
30 - 90 days
(average 46 days
longer in cold or arid
conditions)
Auxin mimic - causes
uncontrolled, disorganised
growth.
roots and
foliage
annual and
perennial
broadleaf
weeds, vines,
and woody
plants
Triclopyr (Garlon 600 ® ) S6 systemic,
selective,
non-residual,
post-emergent
110, 119,
226
21-30 days none known Biologically active at low rates.
Persistence in soil varies according
to soil pH, rainfall and soil type.
Moderate to low toxicity to fish
moderate -
high (more
mobile in
alkaline
conditions)
14 - 180 days
(average 60 days -
more persistent in
alkaline soils)
Inhibits acetolactate
synthase preventing cell
division and thus growth.
foliage and
roots
bulbs and
broadleaf
weeds
unscheduled systemic,
residual,
post-emergent
Metsulfuron methyl
(Brush-off ® , Ally ® )
111, 222,
35
Persistence varies according to
soil pH, rainfall and soil type. Low
toxicity to birds, mammals, fish and
aquatic invertebrates.
7-14 days does not
accumulate in
the milk or
tissue of
animals
moderatehigh
14 - 60 days
(9 months in
alkaline soils)
Inhibits acetolactate
synthase preventing cell
division and thus growth.
foliage and
roots
bulbs and
broadleaf
weeds
Chlorsulfuron (Glean ® ) S5 systemic,
residual,
post-emergent
105,169,
312, 61
8-40 days none known Low toxicity to mammals, birds,
fish, aquatic invertebrates and bees.
Soluble in water - potential for
contamination.
high
potential
12 days to 1 year
(highest under
anaerobic conditions and
low microbial activity)
Auxin mimic - causes
uncontrolled, disorganised
growth.
foliage and
some root
absorption
broadleaf
weeds
Clopyralid (Lontrel ® ) S5 systemic,
selective,
residual,
post-emergent
61, 119
Low toxicity to birds, mammals,
fish and molluscs. Moderate to high
toxicity to shrimp and aquatic
insects.
does not
accumulate in
tissues (