Bushland Weeds Manual - Environmental Weeds Action Network

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Chapter 5 Annual Broadleaf Herbs, Sedges and Succulents Weed Management Table 66 Species Common name Timing of seed germination Growing season Arctotheca calendula Bellardia trixago Cakile maritima Flowers Dispersal agent Seedbank persistence (years) Cape Weed after rains win/spr Aug-Nov wind some dormancy 8+? y White Bartsia autumn/winter win/spr Sep-Jan wind Sea Rocket mostly spring but any time after rain Can be biennial win/spr Jan-Dec wind, water 2+ y Carduus Slender Thistle pycnocephalus up to 6wks after autumn rains win/spr Oct-Dec wind, water, birds 10+ Carduus tenuiflorus Carthamus lanatus Centranthus macrosiphon Chenopodium album Cirsium vulgare Sheep Thistle up to 6wks after autumn rains win/spr Sep-Nov wind, water, birds 10+ Saffron Thistle autumn and early winter. staggered south west W.A win/spr Dec-Apr water, adhesion 8 Pretty Betsy win/spr Aug-Nov limestone gravel, wind? short? Fat Hen after rains all year Mar-Apr/Oct- Dec birds, machinery 20-40 Spear Thistle autumn mostly win/spr Jan-Dec wind, water, machinery 30+ y Conyza albida Tall Fleabane autumn/winter/spring win/spr Dec-Feb wind Conyza bonariensis Crepis capillaris Flaxleaf Fleabane Smooth Hawks Beard Crepis foetida Stinking Hawks Beard Cucumis myriocarpus Dischisma arenarium Dischisma capitatum Dittrichia graveolens Echium plantagineum Prickly Paddy Melon autumn/winter/spring win/spr Dec-Feb wind win/spr Nov-Jan wind y win/spr Nov-Jan wind y sum Jan-May birds, machinery win/spr Aug-Nov Wolly Dischisma win/spr Aug-Sep Stinkwort sum Jan-Apr wind, animal Patersons Curse all year win/spr Sep-Jan water, machinery 6 (most in 2) y Emex australis Doublegee all year win/spr Jul-Oct tyres, water, machinery 4+ Erodium botrys Long Storksbill mainly autumn/winter but spring/ summer if moisture is available Euphorbia peplus Fumaria capreolata Fumaria muralis Hypochaeris glabra Hypochaeris radicata Petty Spurge autumn to spring win/spr Jul-Jan Climbing Fumitory autumn to spring win/spr Aug-Nov win/spr Aug-Nov 3+ Wall Fumitory autumn to spring win/spr Jun-Dec 20+ Flat Weed autumn/winter win/spr Jan-Dec wind y autumn win/spr Jan-Dec wind
Chapter 5 Annual Broadleaf Herbs, Sedges and Succulents Weed Management Table Suggested methods of management and control Similar natives often mistaken for weeds Colonises bare soil and disturbed sites. Lontrel ® 6 mL/10 L (300 mL/ha) in early growth stages. Glyphosate 0.2 % will control at all growth stages. Reference 146, 53, 96, 115, 101, 167, 242, 222 Colonises disturbed wetlands. Hand remove isolated plants before seed set. Spot spray 0.2 % glyphosate. 167, 242, 222 300, 207, 167, 242 Seedlings establish in bare open ground so establish desirable vegetation cover. Hand remove isolated plants through spring and early summer. Glyphosate applied with a rope wick provides good control or spot spray Lontrel®10 ® mL in 10 L water + 25 mL wetting agent. Control at rosette stage. 300, 248, 91, 121, 228, 167, 242 as for Slender Thistle 300, 248, 91, 228, 167, 242 as for Slender Thistle 300, 248, 96, 147, 251, 145, 120, 228, 167, 242 Hand remove small populations. Spray metsulfuron methyl 0.1 g/15 L (2 g/ha) + wetting agent. 300, 101, 167, 242 Highly susceptible to mowing before flowering. Requires bare ground for establishment and persistence. Herbicide application most effective in early growth stages. Seedlings establish in bare open ground so establish desirable vegetation cover. Glyphosate 0.5 % provides effective control of seedling and adult plants or Lontrel® ® 6 mL/10 L (300 ml/ha) + wetting agent, rosette to early flowering. Does not compete well under high plant density or cover. Requires disturbance to establish and persist. Establish desirable vegetation. Does not compete well under high plant density or cover. Requires disturbance to establish and persist. Establish desirable vegetation. 19, 228, 167, 242 248, 96, 167, 242, 222 333, 325, 167, 242 300, 333, 325, 167, 242 Spot spray 1 % glyphosate + Pulse®or ® 10 mL Lontrel® ® in 10 L of water + 25 mL Pulse ® . 167, 242, 222 Spot spray 1 % glyphosate + Pulse®or ® 10 mL Lontrel® ® in 10 L of water + 25 mL Pulse®. ® 300, 167, 242, 222 Hand remove isolated plants before flowering. Not killed by glyphosate. Spot spray 2 mL Garlon®in ® 10 L of water + 25 mL wetting agent. Spot spray 0.2 % glyphosate. 167, 242 Spot spray 0.2 % glyphosate. 167, 242 248, 167, 242, 222 Hand remove isolated plants before flowering. Slash very close to ground (can resprout). 248, 167, 242 Slashing or mowing can cause out of season flowering and seed production. Spot spray in late autumn when most seed has germinated for the year with 0.5g/10 L chlorsulfuron + wetting agent-this will help prevent further germination. Glyphosate will control existingplants. Spot spray plants with 1 % Grazon®. ® Seed produced at early stage. Any control program must aim at killing all plants shortly after emergence and must continue for a number of years. Spot spray with glyphosate 0.5-0.7 % to kill existing plants but bare soil quickly reinfested. Lontrel®at ® 6 mL/10 L (300 mL/ha) + wetting agent applied before flowering or Verdict 520® ® at 1.5 mL/ 10 L (75 mL/ha) + wetting agent. 229, 248, 96, 257, 167, 242, 222 133, 248, 286, 167, 242, 222 E. cygnorum 12, 228, 222, 101, 167, 242, 222 Colonises degraded sites; spray metsulfuron methyl 0.1 g/15 L (2.5 g/ha) + wetting agent or glyphosate 0.5 %. 101, 167, 242 Colonises degraded sites; spray metsulfuron methyl 0.1 g/15 L (2.5 g/ha) + wetting agent or glyphosate 0.5 %. 101, 167, 242 Colonises degraded sites; spray metsulfuron methyl 0.1 g/15 L (2.5 g/ha) + wetting agent or glyphosate 0.5 %. 254, 62, 101, 167, 242 Rosettes wiped with glyphosate 30 % provides effective control. Dense infestations - 25 mL wetting agent + 10 mL Lontrel®in ® 10 L of water. Rosettes wiped with glyphosate 30 % provides effective control. Dense infestations - 25 mL wetting agent + 10 mL Lontrel®in ® 10 L of water. 300, 228, 222, 167, 242 300, 54, 228, 167, 242 167, 242 67
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Bushland Weeds A practical guide to
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Acknowledgments This manual is the
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iv Introduction The Banksia, Tuart
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2 Chapter 1 The Project Blue Gum La
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4 Chapter 1 The Project Both Arum L
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6 Chapter 2 Managing Weeds in Bushl
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8 Chapter 2 Managing Weeds in Bushl
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10 Chapter 3 Grass Weeds Many grass
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12 Chapter 3 Grass Weeds Box 3.3 Gr
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14 Chapter 3 Grass Weeds • Transi
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Page 24 and 25: 18 Chapter 3 Grass Weeds Rhizomatou
Page 26 and 27: 20 Chapter 3 Grass Weeds Case Studi
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Page 38 and 39: 32 Chapter 4 Corms, Bulbs and Tuber
Page 58 and 59: Chapter 4 Corms, Bulbs and Tubers W
Page 60 and 61: Iridaceae Moraea miniata Two Leaf C
Page 62 and 63: Chapter 5 Broadleaf Herbs, Sedges a
Page 64 and 65: 58 Chapter 5 Broadleaf Herbs, Sedge
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Page 76 and 77: Chapter 5 Perennial Broadleaf Herbs
Page 78 and 79: Chapter 5 Perennial Broadleaf Herbs
Page 80 and 81: 74 Chapter 6 Trees, Shrubs and Clim
Page 92 and 93: Chapter 6 Trees, Shrubs and Climber
Page 94 and 95: Chapter 6 Trees, Shrubs and Climber
Page 96 and 97: 90 Chapter 7 Weed Mapping in Remnan
Page 98 and 99: 92 Chapter 7 Weed Mapping in Remnan
Page 100 and 101: 94 Chapter 8 Herbicide Use in Bushl
Page 106 and 107: 100 Final Note In the end, environm
Page 108 and 109: 102 References 1 Aarssen, L.W., Hal
Page 110 and 111: 104 References 101 Dixon, B. (2002)
Page 112 and 113: 106 References 204 Mann, R. (1998)
Page 114: 108 307 The Nature Conservancy (200
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