Bushland Weeds Manual - Environmental Weeds Action Network

Contents
Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................................iv
Chapter 1. The Project......................................................................................................................................................1
Funding and administration..................................................................................................................................................1
The sites ..................................................................................................................................................................................1
Chapter 2. Managing Weeds in Bushland: Some General Principles............................................................................5
Gathering area - specific information ..................................................................................................................................5
Regional information..............................................................................................................................................................6
Developing a weed management program..........................................................................................................................6
Implementation – taking an integrated approach..............................................................................................................6
Chapter 3. Grass Weeds....................................................................................................................................................9
Impacts ....................................................................................................................................................................................9
Biology – why are grasses successful weeds?..................................................................................................................11
Management and Control ....................................................................................................................................................14
Monitoring and follow-up ....................................................................................................................................................18
Case Studies ..........................................................................................................................................................................19
Weed management table – grasses ....................................................................................................................................28
Chapter 4. Corms, Bulbs and Tubers: The Weeds that Die Back to Fleshy Underground Storage Organs ............32
The underground storage organs; life-cycles and reproduction....................................................................................33
Management and Control ....................................................................................................................................................39
Key points..............................................................................................................................................................................42
Case studies ..........................................................................................................................................................................44
Weed management table – corms bulbs and tubers ......................................................................................................52
Chapter 5. Broadleaf Herbs, Sedges and Succulents ..................................................................................................56
Annual herbs ........................................................................................................................................................................56
Perennial herbs ....................................................................................................................................................................59
Case studies ..........................................................................................................................................................................60
Weed management table – annual broadleaf herbs ........................................................................................................66
Weed management table – perennial broadleaf herbs ....................................................................................................70
Chapter 6. Trees, Shrubs and Climbers: The Woody Weeds ......................................................................................74
Impacts ..................................................................................................................................................................................75
Mechanisms of spread ........................................................................................................................................................75
Resprouting, suckering and apical control ......................................................................................................................75
Management and Control ....................................................................................................................................................76
Case studies ..........................................................................................................................................................................84
Weed management table – trees, shrubs and climbers ..................................................................................................86
Chapter 7. Weed Mapping in Remnant Bushland ........................................................................................................90
Equipment required ............................................................................................................................................................90
What weeds to map?............................................................................................................................................................90
Mapping in practice ............................................................................................................................................................91
Using weed maps..................................................................................................................................................................91
In conclusion ........................................................................................................................................................................93
Chapter 8. Herbicide Use in Bushland..........................................................................................................................94
Using herbicides in bushland ............................................................................................................................................94
Duty of care ..........................................................................................................................................................................94
Personal care ........................................................................................................................................................................94
Training..................................................................................................................................................................................95
Legislation ............................................................................................................................................................................96
Bushland care ......................................................................................................................................................................96
Using contractors ................................................................................................................................................................97
Some herbicides used in bushland ....................................................................................................................................97
Final note ......................................................................................................................................................................100
Appendix 1: Herbicide spraying contract ..................................................................................................................101
References ....................................................................................................................................................................102
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