Bushland Weeds Manual - Environmental Weeds Action Network

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Chapter 3 Grass <strong>Weeds</strong> Management Table Lagurus ovatus Hare's Tail Grass a c C3 yes win-spr spr-sum seed mammal, wind 2-3 Lolium rigidum Annual Ryegrass a c C3 win-spr spr-sum seed water, wind, mammal Lolium temulentum Darnel a c C3 win-spr spr-sum seed water, wind Melinis repens Natal Redtop p c C4 warmer months 30 Species Common name Lifeform Growth form sum seed Parapholis incurva Coast Barbgrass a c C3 aut-win spr seed Paspalum dilatatum Paspalum p c/sr C4 late spr-early aut sum seed, short rhizome animal, water, wind Paspalum distichum Water Couch p s/r C4 spr-aut sum stolon, rhizome, seed Paspalum urvillei Vasey Grass p c/sr C4 spr-aut spr-sum seed Paspalum vaginatum Saltwater Couch p s C4 spr-aut sum Pennisetum clandestinium Pennisetum macrourum Kikuyu p s/r C4 warmer months African Feather Grass p c/r C4 spr-aut sum seed, rhizomes, tillers Pennisetum purpureum Elephant Grass p c/r C4 spr-aut spr-sum rhizomes, tillers, seed? 2-4 water ? sum rhizomes, stolons water, wind seed rare water, wind Pennisetum setaceum Fountain Grass p c C4 spr-aut spr-sum seed wind,water, mammal, slash Pentaschistis airoides False Hair Grass a c C3 win spr seed Pentashchistis pallida Pussy Tail p c C3 win spr seed wind, ant Phalaris minor Lesser Canary Grass a c C3 win-spr spr-sum seed wind, water, mammal Phleum arenarium Phleum a c C3 win spr seed wind, water Phragmites australis Common Reed p r/s C3 spr-sum sum rhizomes, stolons, (seed) Piptatherum miliaceum Rice Millet p c C3 win-spr spr-sum seed mammal, wind, water wind, water, bird viable seed? 6+ wind, water establishment rare Poa annua Winter Grass a c C3 yes win-spr spr seed wind, water 3 Polypogon maritimus Coast Beardgrass a c C3 win-spr spr-sum seed Polypogon monspeliensis Annual Beardgrass a c C3 win-spr spr-sum seed mammal, wind, water Rostraria cristata Annual Cat's Tail a c C3 win spr seed Rostraria pumilla Rough Cat's Tail p c C3 win spr Sorghum halepense Johnson Grass p r C4 spr-sum sum seed, rhizome explosive, wind, water, bird Spinifex sericeus Spinifex p s C4 spr-sum late spr-sum Sporobolus africanus Paramatta Grass p c C4 spr-sum late spr-sum Stenotaphrum secundatum Buffalo Grass p s C4 less active in winter stolon, seed? sum rhizomes, stolons, some seed Tribolium uniolae Tribolium p c/sr C3 spr spr-sum seed, short rhizome Urochloa mutica Para Grass p s C4 late spr-sum irregular stolon, (irregular seeder) seed wind, water, mammal 5+ water seed rare water, wind, ant ? wind, water (seed set variable) Vulpia bromoides Squirrel's Tail Fescue a c C3 win-spr spr mammal, water persistent (med?) Vulpia myuros Silver Grass, Rat's Tail Fescue Photosynthetic pathway Staggered germination Growing season Flowering Reproductive unit Dispersal agent Seedbank persistence (years) a c C3 win-spr spr seed mammal, water 2-3 Lifeform: a = annual, p = perennial. Growth form: c = caespitose, r = rhizomatous, s = stoloniferous, sr = shortly rhizomatous. Photosynthetic pathway: C3 = cool season grass, C4 = warm season grass. Growing season: usual period of active growth. Flowering: period over which grass flowers. Seedbank persistence: length of seed viability in years (where known).
Chapter 3 Grass <strong>Weeds</strong> Management Table Fire response Suggested methods of management and control References Prevent seed set - spray with 10 mL/ 10 L (500 mL/ ha) Fusilade ® + spray oil at 2-8 leaf stage before stem elongation. 60, 30, 228, 222, 167, 242 Prevent seed set - hand pull or spray with grass-selective herbicide 4-6 weeks after opening rains. 60, 228, 167, 242 Prevent seed set -spray with 10 mL/ 10 L (500 mL/ha) Fusilade ® + wetting agent before stem elongation. 60, 222, 167, 242 Cut out small populations. Spray 8 mL/L (2-4L/ha) Fusilade ® + wetting agent. 60, 241, 101, 167, 242 Cut out small populations - ensure rhizome removal; spray with grass selective herbicide or cut near ground level and immediately wipe with 10 % glyphosate or spray adult plants10 mL/L Fusilade + wetting agent. Follow-up seedling control - spray 1 mL/L Fusilade ® + wetting agent. 231, 96, 247, 241, 222, 167, 242 resprouts Spray with glyphosate 1 %, 2-3 sprays over single growing season. Plant weed break to block spread into at risk habitats. 292, 228, 167, 242 Cut out small populations - ensure rhizome removal; slash and spray regowth with grass-selective herbicide or 1 % glyphosate. Follow-up seedling control - spray 10 mL/L Fusilade ® + wetting agent. As for P. distichium resprouts Solarisation over warmer months; spray with 1 % glyphosate or Fusilade ® 10 mL/L + wetting agent, 2-3 sprays over single growing season often required. resprouts Dig out small infestations; slash winter and/or spray with glyphosate 1 % + penetrant in spring to autumn. Follow up treatment until regrowth ceases - follow-up seedling control. resprouts Dig out small infestations; slash winter and/or spray with glyphosate 1 % + penetrant in spring to autumn. Follow up treatment until regrowth ceases - follow-up seedling control. resprouts Dig out small infestations; slash winter and/or spray with glyphosate 1 % + penetrant in spring to autumn. Follow up treatment until regrowth ceases - follow-up seedling control. 247, 167, 242 231, 241, 21, 247, 53, 228, 167, 242 21, 96, 149, 248, 30, 122, 167, 242, 150 241, 167, 242 314, 241, 26, 102, 53, 190, 167, 242 60, 167, 242 Prevent seed set - cut out or spray with grass-selective herbicide. 60, 167, 242 Prevent seed set - Spray 5 mL/L Fusilade ® + wetting agent. 60, 167, 242 60, 167, 242 resprouts In summer dry areas, slashing over succesive years reduces biomass; spot spray with glyphosate. 60, 167, 129, 242, 315 Cut out young plants, slash larger clumps and spot spray with glyphosate. 60, 167, 242 60, 167, 242 Spot spray 1 % glyphosate. 167, 242, 222 Spot spray 1 % glyphosate. 60, 167, 242, 222 resprouts Spray during first 2 weeks of season's growth - glyphosate 1 % (during summer); or 8 mL/10 L (400 mL/ha) Verdict 520 ® + wetting agent; avoid soil disturbance; follow-up with spot sprays and seedling control. resprouts 167, 242 167, 242 167, 242 167, 234, 53, 21, 16, 293, 78, 53, 222, 242 resprouts Cut and bag seed head then dig out; slash large clumps in winter/spring and spray regrowth with glyphosate at label ra tes (summer/autumn). 167, 300, 27, 242 resprouts Solarisation over warmer months; spray with glyphosate 1 %, 2-3 sprays over single growing season or 8 mL/L (4 L/ha) Fusilade ® + wetting agent. Plant weed break to block spread into at risk habitats. resprouts Spot spray with glyphosate 10 mL/L or Fusilade ® 12 mL/L + wetting agent prior to boot stage. Spot spray resprouting clumps and blanket spray seedling flushes with Fusilade ® 10 mL/L + wetting agent. 167, 231, 21, 228, 222, 242 167, 43, 242 resprouts Spray with 2 % glyphosate. 167,241, 300, 289, 242 Prevent seed set - hand pull, spray with Select ® 10mL/ 10 L (500 mL/ha) (resistant to 'fops' group of herbicides) prior to boot stage. 228,167, 242 seed survives most fires Prevent seed set - hand pull, spray with Select ® 10 mL/ 10 L (500 mL/ha) (resistant to 'fops' group of herbicides) prior to boot stage. 309, 228, 242 31
Page 1 and 2: Bushland Weeds A practical guide to
Page 3: Acknowledgments This manual is the
Page 6 and 7: iv Introduction The Banksia, Tuart
Page 8 and 9: 2 Chapter 1 The Project Blue Gum La
Page 10 and 11: 4 Chapter 1 The Project Both Arum L
Page 12 and 13: 6 Chapter 2 Managing Weeds in Bushl
Page 14 and 15: 8 Chapter 2 Managing Weeds in Bushl
Page 16 and 17: 10 Chapter 3 Grass Weeds Many grass
Page 18 and 19: 12 Chapter 3 Grass Weeds Box 3.3 Gr
Page 20 and 21: 14 Chapter 3 Grass Weeds • Transi
Page 22 and 23: 16 Chapter 3 Grass Weeds Control te
Page 24 and 25: 18 Chapter 3 Grass Weeds Rhizomatou
Page 26 and 27: 20 Chapter 3 Grass Weeds Case Studi
Page 34 and 35: Chapter 3 Grass Weeds Management Ta
Page 38 and 39: 32 Chapter 4 Corms, Bulbs and Tuber
Page 58 and 59: Chapter 4 Corms, Bulbs and Tubers W
Page 60 and 61: Iridaceae Moraea miniata Two Leaf C
Page 62 and 63: Chapter 5 Broadleaf Herbs, Sedges a
Page 64 and 65: 58 Chapter 5 Broadleaf Herbs, Sedge
Page 72 and 73: Chapter 5 Annual Broadleaf Herbs, S
Page 74 and 75: Chapter 5 Annual Broadleaf Herbs, S
Page 76 and 77: Chapter 5 Perennial Broadleaf Herbs
Page 78 and 79: Chapter 5 Perennial Broadleaf Herbs
Page 80 and 81: 74 Chapter 6 Trees, Shrubs and Clim
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80 Chapter 6 Trees, Shrubs and Clim
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Chapter 6 Trees, Shrubs and Climber
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Chapter 6 Trees, Shrubs and Climber
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90 Chapter 7 Weed Mapping in Remnan
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92 Chapter 7 Weed Mapping in Remnan
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94 Chapter 8 Herbicide Use in Bushl
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100 Final Note In the end, environm
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102 References 1 Aarssen, L.W., Hal
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104 References 101 Dixon, B. (2002)
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106 References 204 Mann, R. (1998)
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108 307 The Nature Conservancy (200
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