AGf~ICULTURAL RESEARCH, PUSA.
AGf~ICULTURAL RESEARCH, PUSA.
AGf~ICULTURAL RESEARCH, PUSA.
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PIL'l'BRABLE VIRUSES<br />
Active immunity is produced by an attack of the<br />
disease, 01' by vaccination with vaccinia virus.<br />
Vaccinia or COWpOilJ is closely allied to smallpox.<br />
'1'he virus is not usually filterahle. Lesions are readily<br />
produced in calves and rabbits. "Vaccination" in<br />
hUlUan beings is the application of vaccinia virus to<br />
the scarified skin, with subsequent development of a<br />
pustulc 01' " pock."<br />
The inoculation of rabbits or calves with the virLls<br />
after scarification of the skin is followed by a red swelling<br />
on the third clay, which later becomes papnlar. By<br />
the fifth day the papules have developed into vesicles<br />
filled with clear fluirl, which soon becomes dOlldy and<br />
pustular. About a week aftcr inoculation scabbing<br />
occurs. Such reactions arc ohtained even with a high<br />
.dilntion of calf-Iymph-c.g. frorn 1 : 1000 up to even<br />
1 : 100,000. If the virus bc injected intnwcnously<br />
in large amounts into the rabbit, generalised lesions<br />
occur not only over the external epidermis, but in the<br />
internal organs. In the epithelial cells after cutaneous<br />
inoculation of the rabbit with the viTus, large intracellular<br />
"inclusion bodies," known as "Guarnieri<br />
bodies," may be seen, and in the early stages enormOllS<br />
]lumbers of vcry minute bodies, known a:; "Paschen<br />
bodies," about 0 -25/, in size.<br />
The Pns('hcn Ludics (or corpuse!es) havc becn puritlcd hy<br />
Ledinglmlll, and they can be agglutinated by a specific antiserum<br />
from recovered l1.ninmls, while complenlUllt-flxation<br />
tests can be carried out with the purified (!orpllselcH as antigen.<br />
These tests ean be used dhtgnostically. The Pasehen bodies<br />
are now regarded aH the actual virus.<br />
CllltiV(ltilJlI.- -The virus of vaecinia has IJccn sllcceHsfully<br />
culturcrl, firs.t in a tissue (mlture and I[Lter by a simplified<br />
lIletllOc1 intruduced hy H.13. and M. C. Maitland. 'rhe medium<br />
consists of minced fresh adult kidney, either from !t hen or a<br />
rabhit, Tyrode's solution llnd fresh serum. Bacteria-free<br />
vl1.eeinia virus is mixed with 0·3 e.e. fresh minced kidney<br />
tisllUc, a C.(1. fresh ralJbit serum added, nnd the whole diluted<br />
to 10 G.e. with Tyrnde's solution. The mixture is distribllted<br />
in 2 c.c. amounts into Carrel flasks and incll\ll"ttc{l at :n° C.<br />
The kidney edJs do not proliferate hut remain alive for five to
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