Abstract SCHIRACK, ANDRIANA VAIS. The Effect of Microwave ...

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ABBREVIATIONS ARS - Agricultural Research Service F - Fan used during processing MC - Moisture content (wet basis) NF - No fan used during processing OSI - Oxidative stability index PV - Peroxide value USDA - United States Department of Agriculture 106
REFERENCES ADELSBERG, G.D. and SANDERS, T.H. 1997. Effect of peanut blanching protocols on bed and seed temperatures, seed moisture, and blanchability. Peanut Science 24: 42-46. BOLDOR, D., SANDERS, T.H., SIMUNOVIC, J. 2004. Dielectric properties of in- shell and shelled peanuts at microwave frequencies. Transactions of the ASAE 47(4), 1159-1169. BOLDOR, D., SANDERS, T.H., SWARTZEL, K.R. and FARKAS, B.E. 2005. A model for temperature and moisture distribution during continuous microwave drying. Journal of Food Process Engineering 28(1), 68-87. DATTA, A.K., and LIU, J. 1992. Thermal time distributions for microwave and conventional heating of food. Food Bioproducts and Processing 70(2), 83-90. DELWICHE, S.R., SHUPE, W.L., PEARSON, J.L., SANDERS, T.H. and WILSON, D.M. 1986. Microwave vacuum drying effect on peanut quality. Peanut Science 13, 21-27. ENGELDER, D.S., and BUFFLER, C.R. 1991. Measuring dielectric properties of food products at microwave frequencies. Microwave World 12(2), 2-11. GIESE, J. 1992. Advances in microwave food processing. Food Technology 46(9), 118-123. KATZ, T.A. 2002. The effect of microwave energy on roast quality of microwave blanched peanuts. Master's Thesis, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC. METAXAS, A.C., and MEREDITH, R.J. 1983. Industrial Microwave Heating. London: Peter Peregrinus Ltd. 357pp. NI, H. and DATTA, A.K. 1999. Moisture loss as related to heating uniformity in microwave processing of solid foods. Journal of Food Process Engineering 22, 367-382. PAULSEN, M.R. and BRUSEWITZ, G.H. 1976. Coefficient of cubical thermal expansion for Spanish peanut kernels and skins. Transactions of the ASAE 19(3), 592-595, 600. PAULSEN, M.R. and BRUSEWITZ, G.H. 1976b. Moisture contraction of Spanish peanuts. Peanut Science 3, 52-55. RAUSCH, T.D., SANDERS, T.H., HENDRIX, K.W., and DROZD, J.M. 2005. 107
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Abstract SCHIRACK, ANDRIANA VAIS. T
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THE EFFEGT OF MICROWAVE BLANCHING O
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BIOGRAPHY Andriana Schirack is orig
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TABLE OF CONTENTS v Page List of Ta
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Materials and Methods..............
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Table 3 High Impact Aroma-Active Co
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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1
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The processing parameters used duri
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educed from 35-40% moisture to 8-10
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REFERENCES Adelsberg GD, Sanders TH
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Interdependency and underlying dime
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Composition of Peanuts The structur
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and Burma. The peanut prices in the
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(w.b.) within 3 days, large quality
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cdry = Specific heat of dry seeds (
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there is no direct correlation publ
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Peanuts are commonly stored in flat
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lanching has been imitated using a
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(1999), no detrimental effects of b
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when the air is distributed from ab
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y-product (Giese, 1992). Drying is
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the material to absorb electromagne
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ε' = Relative real permittivity (d
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oils, both ε' and ε" are low and
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1969). The flavor characteristics o
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et al., 1980). Likewise, sugars pre
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n-methylpyrrole. Walradt et al. (19
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fact, Ory et al. (1992) suggested t
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Flavor Research in Other Nuts Sever
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changed with time of roasting and i
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polyunsaturated acids that have a c
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hexanal are intensified to the high
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The results of temperature stress i
Page 67 and 68: Brown et al. (1977) found that the
Page 69 and 70: exhibited the fruity fermented off-
Page 71 and 72: (Pawliszyn, 2000). Also, the elevat
Page 73 and 74: compounds eluting from microwave-he
Page 75 and 76: Table 1: Peanut Volatile Analysis b
Page 77 and 78: the identification of volatile comp
Page 79 and 80: the detector. The compounds can the
Page 81 and 82: GC-O Applications High vacuum disti
Page 83 and 84: each half was allocated into one of
Page 85 and 86: Woody/Hulls/Skins Cardboard Table 2
Page 87 and 88: Givaudan-Roure developed Quantitati
Page 89 and 90: during high temperature microwave b
Page 91 and 92: OVM Organic volatiles meter Pa Pasc
Page 93 and 94: References Abegaz EG, Kerr WL, Koeh
Page 95 and 96: odorants in high temperature cured
Page 97 and 98: 17(4): 728-732. Mason ME, Waller GR
Page 99 and 100: partitioning constants and release
Page 101 and 102: Vercellotti JR, Crippen KL, Lovegre
Page 103 and 104: ABSTRACT Peanut blanching consists
Page 105 and 106: peanut moisture content from 5.5 to
Page 107 and 108: The computer monitored power output
Page 109 and 110: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Energy Absor
Page 111 and 112: All treatments using the fan (F) ha
Page 113 and 114: Treatments 11NF, 8NF, and 5NF also
Page 115 and 116: lanchabilities as well as a longer
Page 117: microwave attain much higher temper
Page 121 and 122: TABLES AND FIGURES Table 1: Process
Page 123 and 124: Energy absorbed (kJ) 3000 2500 2000
Page 125 and 126: Temperature of peanuts (°C) 160 14
Page 127 and 128: Percent blanchability 100 90 80 70
Page 129 and 130: Maximum internal temperature (°C)
Page 131 and 132: ABSTRACT Microwave blanching of pea
Page 133 and 134: Several methods are used for blanch
Page 135 and 136: Peanuts MATERIALS AND METHODS Mediu
Page 137 and 138: Canada) on a laptop computer (Dell
Page 139 and 140: Sensory Analysis RESULTS AND DISCUS
Page 141 and 142: significantly lower final moisture
Page 143 and 144: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Funded in part by t
Page 145 and 146: Foods and Beverages, Vol. 29, (G. C
Page 147 and 148: TABLE LEGENDS Table 1. Microwave ap
Page 149 and 150: TABLE 2. LEXICON OF PEANUT FLAVOR D
Page 151 and 152: Sweet Aromatic TABLE 4. CORRELATION
Page 153 and 154: CHAPTER 5: CHARACTERIZATION OF AROM
Page 155 and 156: Introduction The most common use of
Page 157 and 158: The objective of this study was to
Page 159 and 160: attributes which were different fro
Page 161 and 162: Volatile compounds from the solvent
Page 163 and 164: 0.25 μm df; J & W Scientific, Fols
Page 165 and 166: adjusted with the same concentratio
Page 167 and 168: characterized by the attributes of
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(E,E)-2,4-decadienal (fried/oxidize
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flavor dilution factors, nor did th
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that of the control, but only in th
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e high enough for pyrazine formatio
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sensory panelists analyzing process
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References (ASTM) American Society
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Megahed MG. 2001. Microwave roastin
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Vercellotti JR, Mills OE, Bett KL,
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Table 2- Model system concentration
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28 4-acetoxy-2,5-dimethyl- 3(2H)-fu
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Table 5 - Quantification, sensory o
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Conclusions This research investiga
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microwave technology may provide ma
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protect against colon, prostate, an
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APPENDICES 185
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SAFE (3 SAFE's can be done in 1 day
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2. Turn off waterbath. 3. Turn off
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5. Filter through a third sodium su
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contamination, and run a blank on t
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AC nutty/burnt 975 1.5 NB cabbage/g
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AC oxidized 1289 1.5 NB dusty/nutty
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NB brothy 1612 3.5 NB honey/hay 161
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Table 2: Aroma-Active Compounds in
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AC cedar 1081 3.0 AC burnt sugar/nu
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AC brothy 1350 2.0 NB garlic 1352 5
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NB fruity/floral 1670 3.0 NB rosy 1
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