Abstract SCHIRACK, ANDRIANA VAIS. The Effect of Microwave ...

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Appendix 2: Quantification of Peanut Volatiles First, identify the target compounds in the project by GC/MS and GC/FID based on the retention index, odor property, and mass spectra as compared to standards. Calculate relative abundance for a general idea of the compound concentration, and then quantify to find absolute abundance. exceptions: To quantify compounds, follow the procedure in Appendix 1, with the following 1. Before beginning, calculate the stock solutions of the compound standards. Make the highest concentration first, and dilute accordingly to make 5 levels of standards. Convert all concentrations to a weight per volume basis, using the compound density. Be sure not to add more than 500 μL or less than 2 μL of the standard to any sample. 2. Make a table to carefully detail the amount of standard added to each concentration level. Don’t forget the internal standard. 3. Make the stock solutions in methanol, and add these to 100 mL of deodorized deionized water at the calculated concentrations. All standards can be extracted at once, unless there are co-eluting peaks. 4. Add 50 mL of ether to each sample, and continue with the procedure in Appendix 1 from this point on. 5. For GC/MS analysis, inject each of the 5 levels of standard at least 3 times. Inject each NB fraction on the GC/MS and each acid fraction on the DB-WAX. Consider using a dedicated syringe for these standards to avoid 192
contamination, and run a blank on the GC/MS to be certain that the syringe is clean. 6. Record the ratio of the peak area of each compound to the peak area of the internal standard, and construct a standard curve. This standard curve must be linear, and should have an R 2 greater than 0.85. Place the concentration ratio on the x axis (concentration of the compound / concentration of internal standard). Place the area ratio on the y axis (peak area of the compound / peak area of the internal standard). The response factor is calculated as the inverse of the slope of this line. 7. To calculate the absolute abundance of the compound: Conc. of cmpd = response factor * (area of cmpd/area of istd) * (conc. cmpd / conc. of istd) 193
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Abstract SCHIRACK, ANDRIANA VAIS. T
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THE EFFEGT OF MICROWAVE BLANCHING O
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BIOGRAPHY Andriana Schirack is orig
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TABLE OF CONTENTS v Page List of Ta
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Materials and Methods..............
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Table 3 High Impact Aroma-Active Co
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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1
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The processing parameters used duri
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educed from 35-40% moisture to 8-10
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REFERENCES Adelsberg GD, Sanders TH
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Interdependency and underlying dime
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Composition of Peanuts The structur
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and Burma. The peanut prices in the
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(w.b.) within 3 days, large quality
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cdry = Specific heat of dry seeds (
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there is no direct correlation publ
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Peanuts are commonly stored in flat
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lanching has been imitated using a
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(1999), no detrimental effects of b
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when the air is distributed from ab
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y-product (Giese, 1992). Drying is
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the material to absorb electromagne
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ε' = Relative real permittivity (d
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oils, both ε' and ε" are low and
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1969). The flavor characteristics o
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et al., 1980). Likewise, sugars pre
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n-methylpyrrole. Walradt et al. (19
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fact, Ory et al. (1992) suggested t
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Flavor Research in Other Nuts Sever
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changed with time of roasting and i
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polyunsaturated acids that have a c
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hexanal are intensified to the high
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The results of temperature stress i
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Brown et al. (1977) found that the
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exhibited the fruity fermented off-
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(Pawliszyn, 2000). Also, the elevat
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compounds eluting from microwave-he
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Table 1: Peanut Volatile Analysis b
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the identification of volatile comp
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the detector. The compounds can the
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GC-O Applications High vacuum disti
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each half was allocated into one of
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Woody/Hulls/Skins Cardboard Table 2
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Givaudan-Roure developed Quantitati
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during high temperature microwave b
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OVM Organic volatiles meter Pa Pasc
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References Abegaz EG, Kerr WL, Koeh
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odorants in high temperature cured
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17(4): 728-732. Mason ME, Waller GR
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partitioning constants and release
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Vercellotti JR, Crippen KL, Lovegre
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ABSTRACT Peanut blanching consists
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peanut moisture content from 5.5 to
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The computer monitored power output
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Energy Absor
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All treatments using the fan (F) ha
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Treatments 11NF, 8NF, and 5NF also
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lanchabilities as well as a longer
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microwave attain much higher temper
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REFERENCES ADELSBERG, G.D. and SAND
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TABLES AND FIGURES Table 1: Process
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Energy absorbed (kJ) 3000 2500 2000
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Temperature of peanuts (°C) 160 14
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Percent blanchability 100 90 80 70
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Maximum internal temperature (°C)
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ABSTRACT Microwave blanching of pea
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Several methods are used for blanch
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Peanuts MATERIALS AND METHODS Mediu
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Canada) on a laptop computer (Dell
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Sensory Analysis RESULTS AND DISCUS
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significantly lower final moisture
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Funded in part by t
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Foods and Beverages, Vol. 29, (G. C
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TABLE LEGENDS Table 1. Microwave ap
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TABLE 2. LEXICON OF PEANUT FLAVOR D
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Sweet Aromatic TABLE 4. CORRELATION
Page 153 and 154: CHAPTER 5: CHARACTERIZATION OF AROM
Page 155 and 156: Introduction The most common use of
Page 157 and 158: The objective of this study was to
Page 159 and 160: attributes which were different fro
Page 161 and 162: Volatile compounds from the solvent
Page 163 and 164: 0.25 μm df; J & W Scientific, Fols
Page 165 and 166: adjusted with the same concentratio
Page 167 and 168: characterized by the attributes of
Page 169 and 170: (E,E)-2,4-decadienal (fried/oxidize
Page 171 and 172: flavor dilution factors, nor did th
Page 173 and 174: that of the control, but only in th
Page 175 and 176: e high enough for pyrazine formatio
Page 177 and 178: sensory panelists analyzing process
Page 179 and 180: References (ASTM) American Society
Page 181 and 182: Megahed MG. 2001. Microwave roastin
Page 183 and 184: Vercellotti JR, Mills OE, Bett KL,
Page 185 and 186: Table 2- Model system concentration
Page 187 and 188: 28 4-acetoxy-2,5-dimethyl- 3(2H)-fu
Page 189 and 190: Table 5 - Quantification, sensory o
Page 191 and 192: Conclusions This research investiga
Page 193 and 194: microwave technology may provide ma
Page 195 and 196: protect against colon, prostate, an
Page 197 and 198: APPENDICES 185
Page 199 and 200: SAFE (3 SAFE's can be done in 1 day
Page 201 and 202: 2. Turn off waterbath. 3. Turn off
Page 203: 5. Filter through a third sodium su
Page 207 and 208: AC nutty/burnt 975 1.5 NB cabbage/g
Page 209 and 210: AC oxidized 1289 1.5 NB dusty/nutty
Page 211 and 212: NB brothy 1612 3.5 NB honey/hay 161
Page 213 and 214: Table 2: Aroma-Active Compounds in
Page 215 and 216: AC cedar 1081 3.0 AC burnt sugar/nu
Page 217 and 218: AC brothy 1350 2.0 NB garlic 1352 5
Page 219 and 220: NB fruity/floral 1670 3.0 NB rosy 1
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