Abstract SCHIRACK, ANDRIANA VAIS. The Effect of Microwave ...

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Future Work In future work, analysis of peanut flavor compounds before roasting may further illuminate the chemical changes caused by microwave blanching. During roasting, many flavors originating from the raw product might be obscured, as was seen in green coffee beans (Yeretzian and others 2002). In addition, more chemical anchors (standards) could be assigned to the attributes in the peanut lexicon. Just as certain fruity esters and short chain organic acids have been associated with the fruity/fermented off-flavor (Didzbalis and others 2004), and guaiacol can be used to demonstrate the attribute of ashy, other chemical standards could be established. This would help in the training of panelists and could provide a basis to further instrumentally classify differences between peanut varieties as well as peanuts from different geographical locations, which have been shown to vary in flavor (Sanders and others 1992). This research demonstrated that we do not fully understand the importance of the relative concentrations of aroma compounds needed to achieve good quality peanut flavor. To aid this understanding, omission experiments (in which one or more compounds are omitted from an aroma model) could be conducted to pinpoint those compounds key to peanut flavor, as for example has been done in coffee (Grosch 2001; Czerny and others 1999). Peanuts are not only valuable for their flavor attributes, but also for their nutritional benefits, some of which may not be known to the average consumer. Peanuts are a good source of mono- and polyunsaturated fats (Hoffpauir 1953), which have been connected to better heart health in nutritional literature (Kris- Etherton and others 2001), and phytosterols such as beta-sitosterol, which may 182
protect against colon, prostate, and breast cancers (Awad and others 2000). Also, like red wine and grapes, peanuts are a good source of resveratrol, which has been associated with reduced cardiovascular disease and anticarcinogenic properties (Sanders and others 2000). Furthermore, peanuts contain significant amounts of B vitamins and tocopherol (Hoffpauir 1953), which play important roles in heart and nervous system health. Although these nutritional benefits will make peanuts more marketable to consumers, some of these components are also heat and process- sensitive. Polyunsaturated fats are several times more prone to oxidation (Min and others 1989), and vitamins are well known to degrade at high processing temperatures (Lund 1982). The effect of microwave blanching and microwave roasting on components such as vitamins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, resveratrol, and beta-sitosterol could be assessed. If significant losses of these compounds could be prevented using microwave blanching or microwave roasting, it would further increase the value of this product. 183
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Abstract SCHIRACK, ANDRIANA VAIS. T
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THE EFFEGT OF MICROWAVE BLANCHING O
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BIOGRAPHY Andriana Schirack is orig
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TABLE OF CONTENTS v Page List of Ta
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Materials and Methods..............
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Table 3 High Impact Aroma-Active Co
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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1
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The processing parameters used duri
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educed from 35-40% moisture to 8-10
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REFERENCES Adelsberg GD, Sanders TH
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Interdependency and underlying dime
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Composition of Peanuts The structur
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and Burma. The peanut prices in the
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(w.b.) within 3 days, large quality
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cdry = Specific heat of dry seeds (
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there is no direct correlation publ
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Peanuts are commonly stored in flat
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lanching has been imitated using a
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(1999), no detrimental effects of b
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when the air is distributed from ab
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y-product (Giese, 1992). Drying is
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the material to absorb electromagne
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ε' = Relative real permittivity (d
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oils, both ε' and ε" are low and
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1969). The flavor characteristics o
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et al., 1980). Likewise, sugars pre
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n-methylpyrrole. Walradt et al. (19
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fact, Ory et al. (1992) suggested t
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Flavor Research in Other Nuts Sever
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changed with time of roasting and i
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polyunsaturated acids that have a c
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hexanal are intensified to the high
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The results of temperature stress i
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Brown et al. (1977) found that the
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exhibited the fruity fermented off-
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(Pawliszyn, 2000). Also, the elevat
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compounds eluting from microwave-he
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Table 1: Peanut Volatile Analysis b
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the identification of volatile comp
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the detector. The compounds can the
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GC-O Applications High vacuum disti
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each half was allocated into one of
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Woody/Hulls/Skins Cardboard Table 2
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Givaudan-Roure developed Quantitati
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during high temperature microwave b
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OVM Organic volatiles meter Pa Pasc
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References Abegaz EG, Kerr WL, Koeh
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odorants in high temperature cured
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17(4): 728-732. Mason ME, Waller GR
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partitioning constants and release
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Vercellotti JR, Crippen KL, Lovegre
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ABSTRACT Peanut blanching consists
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peanut moisture content from 5.5 to
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The computer monitored power output
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Energy Absor
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All treatments using the fan (F) ha
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Treatments 11NF, 8NF, and 5NF also
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lanchabilities as well as a longer
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microwave attain much higher temper
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REFERENCES ADELSBERG, G.D. and SAND
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TABLES AND FIGURES Table 1: Process
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Energy absorbed (kJ) 3000 2500 2000
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Temperature of peanuts (°C) 160 14
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Percent blanchability 100 90 80 70
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Maximum internal temperature (°C)
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ABSTRACT Microwave blanching of pea
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Several methods are used for blanch
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Peanuts MATERIALS AND METHODS Mediu
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Canada) on a laptop computer (Dell
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Sensory Analysis RESULTS AND DISCUS
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significantly lower final moisture
Page 143 and 144: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Funded in part by t
Page 145 and 146: Foods and Beverages, Vol. 29, (G. C
Page 147 and 148: TABLE LEGENDS Table 1. Microwave ap
Page 149 and 150: TABLE 2. LEXICON OF PEANUT FLAVOR D
Page 151 and 152: Sweet Aromatic TABLE 4. CORRELATION
Page 153 and 154: CHAPTER 5: CHARACTERIZATION OF AROM
Page 155 and 156: Introduction The most common use of
Page 157 and 158: The objective of this study was to
Page 159 and 160: attributes which were different fro
Page 161 and 162: Volatile compounds from the solvent
Page 163 and 164: 0.25 μm df; J & W Scientific, Fols
Page 165 and 166: adjusted with the same concentratio
Page 167 and 168: characterized by the attributes of
Page 169 and 170: (E,E)-2,4-decadienal (fried/oxidize
Page 171 and 172: flavor dilution factors, nor did th
Page 173 and 174: that of the control, but only in th
Page 175 and 176: e high enough for pyrazine formatio
Page 177 and 178: sensory panelists analyzing process
Page 179 and 180: References (ASTM) American Society
Page 181 and 182: Megahed MG. 2001. Microwave roastin
Page 183 and 184: Vercellotti JR, Mills OE, Bett KL,
Page 185 and 186: Table 2- Model system concentration
Page 187 and 188: 28 4-acetoxy-2,5-dimethyl- 3(2H)-fu
Page 189 and 190: Table 5 - Quantification, sensory o
Page 191 and 192: Conclusions This research investiga
Page 193: microwave technology may provide ma
Page 197 and 198: APPENDICES 185
Page 199 and 200: SAFE (3 SAFE's can be done in 1 day
Page 201 and 202: 2. Turn off waterbath. 3. Turn off
Page 203 and 204: 5. Filter through a third sodium su
Page 205 and 206: contamination, and run a blank on t
Page 207 and 208: AC nutty/burnt 975 1.5 NB cabbage/g
Page 209 and 210: AC oxidized 1289 1.5 NB dusty/nutty
Page 211 and 212: NB brothy 1612 3.5 NB honey/hay 161
Page 213 and 214: Table 2: Aroma-Active Compounds in
Page 215 and 216: AC cedar 1081 3.0 AC burnt sugar/nu
Page 217 and 218: AC brothy 1350 2.0 NB garlic 1352 5
Page 219 and 220: NB fruity/floral 1670 3.0 NB rosy 1
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