GROUND WATER IN NORTH-CENTRAL TENNESSEE

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TJ. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 640 PLATE 9 A. ORIFICE OF TUBULAR SPRING IIN RIDLEY LIMESTONE ON SOUTH BANK OF WEST FORK OF STONE RIVER, 2V, MILES NORTHEAST OF FLORENCE, RUTHERFORD COUNTY No. 416, Plate 4. Approximate yield August 7, 1927, 1,000 gallons a minute. B. BIG SPRING, 6J.2 MILES EAST OF LEBANON, ON THE NASHVILLE BASIN PENEPLAIN No. 329, Plate 4. Approximate yield October 14, 1927, 1,800 gallons a minute.
88 GROUND WATER IN NORTH-CENTRAL TENNESSEE at a sink hole, well, or temporary test pit, and then to take samples of water from all possible points of discharge in springs or wells and examine them for traces of the dye. The sodium salt of fluorescein is sold under the commercial name "uranin." Its solution has a characteristic fluorescent green color by reflected light, and it can be detected by the eye in a solution whose concentration is as low as 1 part of the dye in 40,000,000 parts of clear water, if proper technique is followed.60 When the concentration of the solution is very low the characteristic color is seen best if the sam ple is placed in a test tube or a long glass tube and viewed in full daylight before a white background by looking along the axis of the tube. If the examination is made by a suitable fluoroscope the limit of visibility has been placed at 1 part of pure uranin in 10,000,000,000 parts of clear water. Uranin is altogether harmless in water used for domestic and other common purposes. It is not decolorized by contact with leached sand Or gravel and has been shown to persist as long as three years in such material. 61 However, dilute solutions of uranin may be partly decol orized by calcareous soils or by waters such as those that generally issue from limestone, which contain a large amount of calcium car bonate or other calcium salts, and may be completely decolorized by peaty formations and by mineral acids other than carbon dioxide. A solution of uranin is somewhat heavier than pure water, so that it sometimes settles to the bottom of stagnant pools until the stream is agitated, as by the sudden influx of a larger amount of water. Consequently, the rate of movement of the dye may be slightly less than that of the water, and one dose of the dye may produce distinct color two or more times at a related point of discharge. On the other hand, it was found in the experimental work of the United States Public Health Service at Fort Caswell, N. C., that uranin floated on the water table in unconsolidated sand and was even drawn up into the capillary fringe and there trapped.62 The dye is most readily handled as a solution containing 2 or 3 ounces of uranin for each gallon of water, which is poured into the selected well, sink hole, or other opening at the rate of about 1 ounce of uranin an hour for each 500 gallons a minute of estimated under ground flow. Dosage at this rate should be continued for at least an hour where the distance to the most remote point of observation is less than 1 mile, or for a longer period where the distance is greater. If the solution is poured into a dry sink or natural well, enough addi tional water should be poured in to assure the uranin being carried down to the water table. Before the introduction of the uranin, a 80 Stiles, C. W., and others, Experimental bacterial and chemical pollution of wells via ground water and the factors involved: U. S. Public Health Service Hyg. Lab. Bull. 147, pp. 84-85* 1927. «Idem, pp. 86-86. *» Idem, p. 79.
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PLEASE DO NOT DESTROY OB THROW AWAY
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CONTENTS Pager -Abstract.__________
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OOHTBHTS V Ground water Continued.
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ABSTRACT This report describes brie
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GBOUND WATEB IN NOBTH-CENTBAL TENNE
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INTBODUCTION Q In addition to the w
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GEOGRAPHY O exist at several locali
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GEOGRAPHY / The annual range betwee
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J? §1 ? 20 158 2 20 15 GEOGRAPHY 9
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Record lacking for 1882, 1887-88, 1
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GEOGRAPHY 13 In general there is so
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SURFACE FEATURES OF CENTRAL TENNESS
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StJBFACE FEATURES OF CENTRAL TENNES
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SURFACE FEATURES OF CENTRAL TENNESS
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STJBFACE FEATURES OF CENTRAL TENNES
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SURFACE FEATUKES OF CENTKAL TENNESS
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U. S. GEOLOGICAL SUBVEY WATEH-STJPP
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U. 8. GEOLOGICAL STJEVEY WATER-SUPP
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U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPL
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to O> Stratigraphic section for nor
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Stratigraphic section for north-cen
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30 GROUND WATER IN NORTH-CENTRAL TE
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32 GEOTJND WATEE IN NOETH-CENTEAL T
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34 GEOTJND WATER IN NORTH-CENTRAL T
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Page 54 and 55: TJ. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPP
Page 56 and 57: XT. S. GEOLOGICAL SUKVEY WATER-SUPP
Page 58 and 59: 42 GROUND WATER IN NORTH-CENTRAL TE
Page 68 and 69: 52 GEOTJND WATBE IN NOETH-CBNTEAL T
Page 74 and 75: j GEOUND WATEE IN NOETH-CENTEAL TEN
Page 88 and 89: 72, GROUND WATER IN NORTH-CENTRAL T
Page 96 and 97: 80 GROUND WATEE IN NORTH-CENTRAL TE
Page 110 and 111: SPEINGS 89 blank sample of water sh
Page 112 and 113: SPRINGS ' 91 formation, which are k
Page 114 and 115: SPBINGS 93 roof above its channel i
Page 116 and 117: SPKINGS bearing channel very close
Page 118 and 119: ARTESIAN CONDITIONS 97 may be expec
Page 120 and 121: GROUND "WATER IN NORTH-CENTRAL TENN
Page 122 and 123: QUALITY OF GROUND WATER 101 of diss
Page 124 and 125: QUALIFY OF GROUND WATER 103 north-c
Page 126 and 127: QUALITY OF GROUND WATER 105 nesium
Page 128 and 129: QUALITY OF GROUND WATER 107 Temains
Page 130 and 131: QUALITY OF GROUND WATEB 109 undesir
Page 132 and 133: DATA waters in north-central Tennes
Page 134 and 135: QUALITY OF GROUND WATER in north-ce
Page 138 and 139: in north-central Tennessee Continue
Page 142 and 143: QUALITY OF GROUND WATER 121 more th
Page 144 and 145: 5 Leipers and Cat beys formations:
Page 146 and 147: CHEATHAM COUNTY 125 which are trave
Page 148 and 149: Typical wells in Cheatham County, T
Page 150 and 151: fi7 3... .... 1± .do .... .... .
Page 152 and 153: GROUND WATEB IN NOKTH-CENTBAL TENNE
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DAVIDSON COUNTY 133 have the same w
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Typical wells in Davidson County, T
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At 1400 Eighth Ave. N. At foundry,
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Typical springs in Davidson County,
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DICKBON COUNTY 141 the Highland Rim
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DICKSON COUNTY 148 mineral matter,
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Water-bearing beds Remarks Use of w
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Typical springs in Dickson County,
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HOUSTON COUNTY 149 superficial rela
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Typical wells in Houston County, Te
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GBOUND WATEB IN NOETH-CENTEAL TENNE
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HUMPHREYS COUNTY 155 and elsewhere
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HUMPHREYS COUNTY 157 prove inadequa
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Typical wells in Humphreys County,
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Typical springs in Humphreys County
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MONTGOMERY COUNTY 163 Driller's log
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MONTGOMERY COUNTY 165 and most of t
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Maximum consumption 1,200 gallons a
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e-s §8238 o o o o o o p: S JH.-C 3
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EOBEETSON COUNTY 171 GROUND-WATER C
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Typical wells in Robertson County,
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Water turbid. Stock.. .. .........
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GROUND WATEB IN NORTH-CENTRA!, TENN
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RUTHERFORD COUNTY 179 water table a
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RUTHERFORD COUNTY 181 and passing t
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RUTHERFORD COUNTY 183 tated as the
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6± miles E.. _ _ .. __ ._ _ ___ ..
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..... do... ... .... 138 ....... Ne
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58 None .............. }... .do ...
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STEWABT COUNTY 191 _ In addition to
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wash and weathered rocks in the low
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.....do....... ..... do....... Buck
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Approximate yield Openings Tempera-
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StJMNEB COUNTY 199 mately N. 70° E
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SOI hydrogen sulphide and contains
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SUMNEE COUNTY 208 Gallatin are know
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Do. hillside springs. derive water
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WILLIAMSON COUNTY Driller's log of
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WJfetlAMSON i&entf&nts, also in thf
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WILL1AMSON COUNTY 211 perennial spr
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COUNTT trated calcium bicarbonate w
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Typical wells in Williamson County,
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-130- Shale . use. beds found below
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Approximate yield Openings Remarks
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WILSON COUNTY 221 entire Middle and
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WILSON COUNTY 223 chemical characte
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WILSON COUNTY stitute the source of
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WIIJSON COUNTY 227 associated with
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WILSON COUNTY 229 pump is driven th
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* Water-bearing beds Remarks Use of
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Typical springs in Wilson County, T
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236 INDEX F Page Farrar, D. F., ana
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238 INDEX Page Sumner County, munic
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GROUND WATER IN NORTH-CENTRAL TENNESSEE

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