GROUND WATER IN NORTH-CENTRAL TENNESSEE

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TJ. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 640 PLATE 6 A. NODULAR CHERT IN LOWER PART OF ST. LOUIS LIMESTONE ON STATE HIGHWAY 11, ABOUT 3 MILES NORTHWEST OF ADAMS, ROBERTSON COUNTY B. RESIDUAL CLAY OVERLYING ST. LOUIS LIMESTONE, 1 MILE WEST OF ERIN, HOUSTON COUNTY In quarry of Southland Lime Co. C. TABULAR CHERT IN LIMESTONE OF FORT PAYNE FORMATION AT CEDAR SPRING, 4H MILES NORTHWEST OF MODEL, STEWART COUNTY
40 GROUND WATER IN NORTH-CENTRAL TENNESSEE or "black slate." This formation is a black or dark-brown fissile carbonaceous shale that contains thin seams of bituminous matter and disseminated small crystals of pyrite. Generally the carbonaceous shale is between 20 and 35 feet thick, but it attains a maximum thickness of 45 feet, as on Bledsoe Creek 3 miles north of Bransford, Sumner County, 69 and is entirely absent at a few localities, as in the vicinity of Dog Creek, 3 miles northwest of Kingston Springs, Cheatham County. 70 Northeast of the region under investigation, on Flynn Creek, 5 miles south of Gainesboro, Jackson County, 71 the Chattanooga shale thickens greatly in an area about 2 miles in diameter and attains a maximum thickness of 149 feet, apparently having been deposited in one or more pre-Chatta- 'nooga sink holes. Similar features may exist elsewhere, although none have been found in north-central Tennessee. In the south half of the Nashville Basin the carbonaceous shale is underlain by a phosphatic sandstone, the Hardin sandstone member, which attains a maximum thickness of 15 feet in Wayne County. 72 In the north half of the basin, however, this sandstone is generally only a few inches thick. The Hardin sandstone has usually been considered to be the basal member of the Chattanooga shale, although it is not unlikely that at many localities in the region here described the Hardin has been con fused with the sandstone member at the base of the underlying Pegram limestone. (See p. 41.) The Chattanooga shale in Tennessee has long been considered to be of late Devonian or early Mississippian age or possibly to represent a transition between these two periods; but recently Swartz ra has con cluded that in central and western Tennessee it is wholly of earliest Mississippian age. In view of the doubt that still exists regarding its age, it is classified by the United States Geological Survey as Devonian or Carboniferous. Because of its characteristic lithology, the shale is a convenient datum plane for tracing the geologic structure and for delimiting the major stratigraphic groups. However, it has some limitations for these purposes, inasmuch as it lies unconformably upon strata that range from Upper Ordovician to late Middle Devonian in age, the whole of the Devonian and Silurian systems being locally unrepresented. Many seepage springs issue from the uppermost part of the Chat tanooga shale wherever it crops out on the steeper slopes. These springs are the source of most of the so-called chalybeate and sulphur water. The water from them carries a moderate quantity of iron " Mather, K. F., op. cit., pp. 19-20. » Jillson, W. R., Unique Devonic sandbar: Pan Am. Geologist, vol. 40, No. 5, pp. 333-337, 1923. " Lusk, R. O., A pre-Chattanooga sink hole: Science, new ser., vol. 66, pp. 579-580,1927. » Miser, H. D., Mineral resources of the Waynesboro quadrangle, Term.: Tennessee Qeol. Survey Bull. 26, p. 23,1921. ** Swartz, J. H., op. cit., p. 28.
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PLEASE DO NOT DESTROY OB THROW AWAY
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS Pager -Abstract.__________
Page 5 and 6: OOHTBHTS V Ground water Continued.
Page 7 and 8: ABSTRACT This report describes brie
Page 9 and 10: GBOUND WATEB IN NOBTH-CENTBAL TENNE
Page 11 and 12: INTBODUCTION Q In addition to the w
Page 13 and 14: GEOGRAPHY O exist at several locali
Page 15 and 16: GEOGRAPHY / The annual range betwee
Page 17 and 18: J? §1 ? 20 158 2 20 15 GEOGRAPHY 9
Page 19 and 20: Record lacking for 1882, 1887-88, 1
Page 21 and 22: GEOGRAPHY 13 In general there is so
Page 23 and 24: SURFACE FEATURES OF CENTRAL TENNESS
Page 25 and 26: StJBFACE FEATURES OF CENTRAL TENNES
Page 27 and 28: SURFACE FEATURES OF CENTRAL TENNESS
Page 29 and 30: STJBFACE FEATURES OF CENTRAL TENNES
Page 31 and 32: SURFACE FEATUKES OF CENTKAL TENNESS
Page 33 and 34: U. S. GEOLOGICAL SUBVEY WATEH-STJPP
Page 35 and 36: U. 8. GEOLOGICAL STJEVEY WATER-SUPP
Page 37: U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPL
Page 40 and 41: to O> Stratigraphic section for nor
Page 42 and 43: Stratigraphic section for north-cen
Page 44 and 45: 30 GROUND WATER IN NORTH-CENTRAL TE
Page 46 and 47: 32 GEOTJND WATEE IN NOETH-CENTEAL T
Page 48 and 49: 34 GEOTJND WATER IN NORTH-CENTRAL T
Page 56 and 57: XT. S. GEOLOGICAL SUKVEY WATER-SUPP
Page 68 and 69: 52 GEOTJND WATBE IN NOETH-CBNTEAL T
Page 74 and 75: j GEOUND WATEE IN NOETH-CENTEAL TEN
Page 88 and 89: 72, GROUND WATER IN NORTH-CENTRAL T
Page 96 and 97: 80 GROUND WATEE IN NORTH-CENTRAL TE
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TJ. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPP
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SPEINGS 89 blank sample of water sh
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SPRINGS ' 91 formation, which are k
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SPBINGS 93 roof above its channel i
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SPKINGS bearing channel very close
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ARTESIAN CONDITIONS 97 may be expec
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GROUND "WATER IN NORTH-CENTRAL TENN
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QUALITY OF GROUND WATER 101 of diss
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QUALIFY OF GROUND WATER 103 north-c
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QUALITY OF GROUND WATER 105 nesium
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QUALITY OF GROUND WATER 107 Temains
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QUALITY OF GROUND WATEB 109 undesir
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DATA waters in north-central Tennes
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QUALITY OF GROUND WATER in north-ce
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in north-central Tennessee Continue
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QUALITY OF GROUND WATER 121 more th
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5 Leipers and Cat beys formations:
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CHEATHAM COUNTY 125 which are trave
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Typical wells in Cheatham County, T
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fi7 3... .... 1± .do .... .... .
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GROUND WATEB IN NOKTH-CENTBAL TENNE
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DAVIDSON COUNTY 133 have the same w
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Typical wells in Davidson County, T
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At 1400 Eighth Ave. N. At foundry,
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Typical springs in Davidson County,
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DICKBON COUNTY 141 the Highland Rim
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DICKSON COUNTY 148 mineral matter,
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Water-bearing beds Remarks Use of w
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Typical springs in Dickson County,
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HOUSTON COUNTY 149 superficial rela
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Typical wells in Houston County, Te
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GBOUND WATEB IN NOETH-CENTEAL TENNE
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HUMPHREYS COUNTY 155 and elsewhere
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HUMPHREYS COUNTY 157 prove inadequa
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Typical wells in Humphreys County,
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Typical springs in Humphreys County
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MONTGOMERY COUNTY 163 Driller's log
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MONTGOMERY COUNTY 165 and most of t
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Maximum consumption 1,200 gallons a
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e-s §8238 o o o o o o p: S JH.-C 3
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EOBEETSON COUNTY 171 GROUND-WATER C
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Typical wells in Robertson County,
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Water turbid. Stock.. .. .........
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GROUND WATEB IN NORTH-CENTRA!, TENN
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RUTHERFORD COUNTY 179 water table a
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RUTHERFORD COUNTY 181 and passing t
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RUTHERFORD COUNTY 183 tated as the
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6± miles E.. _ _ .. __ ._ _ ___ ..
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..... do... ... .... 138 ....... Ne
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58 None .............. }... .do ...
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STEWABT COUNTY 191 _ In addition to
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wash and weathered rocks in the low
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.....do....... ..... do....... Buck
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Approximate yield Openings Tempera-
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StJMNEB COUNTY 199 mately N. 70° E
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SOI hydrogen sulphide and contains
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SUMNEE COUNTY 208 Gallatin are know
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Do. hillside springs. derive water
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WILLIAMSON COUNTY Driller's log of
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WJfetlAMSON i&entf&nts, also in thf
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WILL1AMSON COUNTY 211 perennial spr
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COUNTT trated calcium bicarbonate w
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Typical wells in Williamson County,
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-130- Shale . use. beds found below
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Approximate yield Openings Remarks
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WILSON COUNTY 221 entire Middle and
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WILSON COUNTY 223 chemical characte
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WILSON COUNTY stitute the source of
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WIIJSON COUNTY 227 associated with
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WILSON COUNTY 229 pump is driven th
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* Water-bearing beds Remarks Use of
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Typical springs in Wilson County, T
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236 INDEX F Page Farrar, D. F., ana
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238 INDEX Page Sumner County, munic
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GROUND WATER IN NORTH-CENTRAL TENNESSEE

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