GROUND WATER IN NORTH-CENTRAL TENNESSEE

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SPBINGS 93 roof above its channel is breached by collapse or by solution. (See pi. 5, B.} Tubular springs representative of each of these classes are very numerous in most parts of the region, and many typical examples are described in the tabulated data and the county reports (pp. 124-233). The discharge of tubular springs in north-central Tennessee ranges from one gallon or less to many thousand gallons a minute. No springs of the first magnitude discharging 100 cubic feet a second (45,000 gallons a minute) are known to exist within the region, but on Sep tember 10, 1927, Hurricane Rock Spring, in Humphreys County (No. 181, pp. 161-162), discharged at the approximate rate of 60 cubic feet a second (27,000 gallons a minute). This spring may attain first magnitude during periods of maximum discharge. Of the springs that were visited by the writer during July, August, and September, .1927, 57 discharged more than 100 gallons a minute each, and 12 dis charged more than 1,000 gallons a minute. However, most tubular springs fluctuate greatly in yield, the maximum observed discharge of one of these springs during the four months of the field investiga tion being about twenty times the minimum observed discharge. The discharge of certain springs presumably those that are fed by solution channels of steep gradient or small storage capacity and those whose source is largely in local intermittent run-off increases to several times the normal flow in the course of a few hours after a heavy rain and may decline with almost equal rapidity. The dis charge of other springs presumably those that issue from solution channels of flat gradient and large storage capacity as well as those whose source is not primarily from local run-off is relatively uni form from day to day, although it may vary considerably from season to season. All the springs of an area may not attain their maximum rate of discharge at the same time, so that the relative magnitude of two or more springs can not be determined accurately if the discharge of each is measured only once, even if the measurements are taken at approximately the same time. The true average discharge of the variable springs can be determined only from a continuous and accu rate record of discharge extending over a period of several years. At many localities tubular springs constitute the only source of large water supplies for municipal or industrial purposes. In view of their variability, however, these springs should not be developed as a source of supply without trustworthy information as to the quantity of water that may be available from them in dry seasons. The tubular springs in north-central Tennessee differ noticeably in the temperature of their water. In springs whose discharge is mod erate and not highly variable the temperature is relatively constant and is approximately equal to the mean annual temperature of the region, 58° to 60° F. Springs derived from bodies of surface water
94 GROUND WATER IN NORTH-CENTRAL TENNESSEE at no great distance, however, tend to vary in temperature with the surface streams, and springs whose discharge increases and diminishes with the rainfall may vary several degrees in the course of a few hours. Hence, if the water from such springs is used for cooling, the efficiency of the process may vary noticeably. Sodium and potassium Magnesium Calcium Chloride and nitrate Sulphate Bicarbonate 282 359 370 439 466 FIQUEE 5. Chemical character of water from representative tubular springs in north-central Tenness ee The quality of the water that issues from the tubular springs is also a critical factor in its utilization, particularly in the content of suspended matter and of organic waste, which may be a carrier of disease. 1 The spring water is derived in the first place from the sur face, and in many places surface drainage probably reaches the water- 200
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PLEASE DO NOT DESTROY OB THROW AWAY
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CONTENTS Pager -Abstract.__________
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OOHTBHTS V Ground water Continued.
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ABSTRACT This report describes brie
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GBOUND WATEB IN NOBTH-CENTBAL TENNE
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INTBODUCTION Q In addition to the w
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GEOGRAPHY O exist at several locali
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GEOGRAPHY / The annual range betwee
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J? §1 ? 20 158 2 20 15 GEOGRAPHY 9
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Record lacking for 1882, 1887-88, 1
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GEOGRAPHY 13 In general there is so
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SURFACE FEATURES OF CENTRAL TENNESS
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StJBFACE FEATURES OF CENTRAL TENNES
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SURFACE FEATURES OF CENTRAL TENNESS
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STJBFACE FEATURES OF CENTRAL TENNES
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SURFACE FEATUKES OF CENTKAL TENNESS
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U. S. GEOLOGICAL SUBVEY WATEH-STJPP
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U. 8. GEOLOGICAL STJEVEY WATER-SUPP
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U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPL
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to O> Stratigraphic section for nor
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Stratigraphic section for north-cen
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30 GROUND WATER IN NORTH-CENTRAL TE
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32 GEOTJND WATEE IN NOETH-CENTEAL T
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34 GEOTJND WATER IN NORTH-CENTRAL T
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TJ. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPP
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XT. S. GEOLOGICAL SUKVEY WATER-SUPP
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Page 64 and 65: 48 GROUND WATER IN NORTH-CENTRAL TE
Page 68 and 69: 52 GEOTJND WATBE IN NOETH-CBNTEAL T
Page 74 and 75: j GEOUND WATEE IN NOETH-CENTEAL TEN
Page 88 and 89: 72, GROUND WATER IN NORTH-CENTRAL T
Page 96 and 97: 80 GROUND WATEE IN NORTH-CENTRAL TE
Page 104 and 105: TJ. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPP
Page 110 and 111: SPEINGS 89 blank sample of water sh
Page 112 and 113: SPRINGS ' 91 formation, which are k
Page 116 and 117: SPKINGS bearing channel very close
Page 118 and 119: ARTESIAN CONDITIONS 97 may be expec
Page 120 and 121: GROUND "WATER IN NORTH-CENTRAL TENN
Page 122 and 123: QUALITY OF GROUND WATER 101 of diss
Page 124 and 125: QUALIFY OF GROUND WATER 103 north-c
Page 126 and 127: QUALITY OF GROUND WATER 105 nesium
Page 128 and 129: QUALITY OF GROUND WATER 107 Temains
Page 130 and 131: QUALITY OF GROUND WATEB 109 undesir
Page 132 and 133: DATA waters in north-central Tennes
Page 134 and 135: QUALITY OF GROUND WATER in north-ce
Page 138 and 139: in north-central Tennessee Continue
Page 142 and 143: QUALITY OF GROUND WATER 121 more th
Page 144 and 145: 5 Leipers and Cat beys formations:
Page 146 and 147: CHEATHAM COUNTY 125 which are trave
Page 148 and 149: Typical wells in Cheatham County, T
Page 150 and 151: fi7 3... .... 1± .do .... .... .
Page 152 and 153: GROUND WATEB IN NOKTH-CENTBAL TENNE
Page 154 and 155: DAVIDSON COUNTY 133 have the same w
Page 156 and 157: Typical wells in Davidson County, T
Page 158 and 159: At 1400 Eighth Ave. N. At foundry,
Page 160 and 161: Typical springs in Davidson County,
Page 162 and 163: DICKBON COUNTY 141 the Highland Rim
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DICKSON COUNTY 148 mineral matter,
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Water-bearing beds Remarks Use of w
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Typical springs in Dickson County,
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HOUSTON COUNTY 149 superficial rela
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Typical wells in Houston County, Te
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GBOUND WATEB IN NOETH-CENTEAL TENNE
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HUMPHREYS COUNTY 155 and elsewhere
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HUMPHREYS COUNTY 157 prove inadequa
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Typical wells in Humphreys County,
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Typical springs in Humphreys County
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MONTGOMERY COUNTY 163 Driller's log
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MONTGOMERY COUNTY 165 and most of t
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Maximum consumption 1,200 gallons a
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e-s §8238 o o o o o o p: S JH.-C 3
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EOBEETSON COUNTY 171 GROUND-WATER C
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Typical wells in Robertson County,
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Water turbid. Stock.. .. .........
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GROUND WATEB IN NORTH-CENTRA!, TENN
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RUTHERFORD COUNTY 179 water table a
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RUTHERFORD COUNTY 181 and passing t
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RUTHERFORD COUNTY 183 tated as the
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6± miles E.. _ _ .. __ ._ _ ___ ..
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..... do... ... .... 138 ....... Ne
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58 None .............. }... .do ...
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STEWABT COUNTY 191 _ In addition to
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wash and weathered rocks in the low
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.....do....... ..... do....... Buck
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Approximate yield Openings Tempera-
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StJMNEB COUNTY 199 mately N. 70° E
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SOI hydrogen sulphide and contains
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SUMNEE COUNTY 208 Gallatin are know
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Do. hillside springs. derive water
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WILLIAMSON COUNTY Driller's log of
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WJfetlAMSON i&entf&nts, also in thf
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WILL1AMSON COUNTY 211 perennial spr
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COUNTT trated calcium bicarbonate w
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Typical wells in Williamson County,
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-130- Shale . use. beds found below
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Approximate yield Openings Remarks
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WILSON COUNTY 221 entire Middle and
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WILSON COUNTY 223 chemical characte
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WILSON COUNTY stitute the source of
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WIIJSON COUNTY 227 associated with
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WILSON COUNTY 229 pump is driven th
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* Water-bearing beds Remarks Use of
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Typical springs in Wilson County, T
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236 INDEX F Page Farrar, D. F., ana
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238 INDEX Page Sumner County, munic
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GROUND WATER IN NORTH-CENTRAL TENNESSEE

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