GROUND WATER IN NORTH-CENTRAL TENNESSEE

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24 GROUND WATER IN NORTH-CENTRAL TENNESSEE Although the rocks of central Tennessee are but slightly deformed and are for the most part limestones, they vary widely in resistance to abrasion and solution. Hence the streams tend to follow the less resistant and more soluble beds, and the drainage pattern tends to express the geologic structure of the subsurface rocks. This is especially true of the smaller tributary streams, which at many places follow the strike of the beds faithfully. TOTOEROROTJND DRAINAGE Many extensive tracts in north-central Tennessee, both on the Highland Kirn plateau and on the floor of the Nashville Basin, have no permanent surface streams but are drained into underground channels in the limestone. Elsewhere minor streams flow for a dis tance on the surface, then disappear into sink holes and are added to the subsurface drainage. These underground passages are by no means fortuitous but tend to develop a definite drainage system which is tributary to the surface streams and is an integral part of the regional drainage mechanism. Under favorable circumstances the underground streams may degrade their channels very rapidly and so may even become pirate streams and capture other underground channels or divert surface streams. The factors that govern the development of such an underground system are discussed on pages 69-74. Here and there the roofs above the larger of these underground channels are breached by collapse (see pi. 5, A, B), by solution, or by stream erosion, so that sizable "caves" and galleries are exposed. Locally these features are most striking. STRATIGRAPHY SEQUENCE AND GENERAL CHARACTER OF THE ROCKS The rocks of north-central Tennessee include both unconsolidated and consolidated sedimentary types, but no igneous rocks indigenous to the region are known. The unconsolidated rocks are stream-bed, stream-terrace, and coastal-plain deposit® of Upper Cretaceous and Quaternary age, none of unquestioned Tertiary age being recognized. Extensive Pleistocene deposits are lacking, so that the Quaternary beds are for the most part of Kecent age. The consolidated sedimen tary rocks are chiefly limestone and cherty limestone, with some beds of shale and a very few beds of sandstone. Those which are exposed at the surface range in age from Lower Ordovician (Beekm&ntown) to Mississippian, and all the geologic epochs of that interval are rep resented. The sequence is parted, however, by many minor dis- conformities and by one major unconformity, which causes the omis sion of the entire Devonian and Silurian systems over an extensive part of the region.
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 640 PLATE 8 Springs issuing from alluvium Springs issuing from Springs issuing from limestone 0 Chattanooga sha.le CHEMICAL CHARACTER OF WATER FROM REPRESENTATIVE SEEPAGE SPRINGS IN NORTH-CENTRAL TENNESSEE 3000 2750
Page 1 and 2: PLEASE DO NOT DESTROY OB THROW AWAY
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS Pager -Abstract.__________
Page 5 and 6: OOHTBHTS V Ground water Continued.
Page 7 and 8: ABSTRACT This report describes brie
Page 9 and 10: GBOUND WATEB IN NOBTH-CENTBAL TENNE
Page 11 and 12: INTBODUCTION Q In addition to the w
Page 13 and 14: GEOGRAPHY O exist at several locali
Page 15 and 16: GEOGRAPHY / The annual range betwee
Page 17 and 18: J? §1 ? 20 158 2 20 15 GEOGRAPHY 9
Page 19 and 20: Record lacking for 1882, 1887-88, 1
Page 21 and 22: GEOGRAPHY 13 In general there is so
Page 23 and 24: SURFACE FEATURES OF CENTRAL TENNESS
Page 25 and 26: StJBFACE FEATURES OF CENTRAL TENNES
Page 27 and 28: SURFACE FEATURES OF CENTRAL TENNESS
Page 29 and 30: STJBFACE FEATURES OF CENTRAL TENNES
Page 31 and 32: SURFACE FEATUKES OF CENTKAL TENNESS
Page 33 and 34: U. S. GEOLOGICAL SUBVEY WATEH-STJPP
Page 35: U. 8. GEOLOGICAL STJEVEY WATER-SUPP
Page 40 and 41: to O> Stratigraphic section for nor
Page 42 and 43: Stratigraphic section for north-cen
Page 44 and 45: 30 GROUND WATER IN NORTH-CENTRAL TE
Page 46 and 47: 32 GEOTJND WATEE IN NOETH-CENTEAL T
Page 48 and 49: 34 GEOTJND WATER IN NORTH-CENTRAL T
Page 54 and 55: TJ. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPP
Page 56 and 57: XT. S. GEOLOGICAL SUKVEY WATER-SUPP
Page 68 and 69: 52 GEOTJND WATBE IN NOETH-CBNTEAL T
Page 74 and 75: j GEOUND WATEE IN NOETH-CENTEAL TEN
Page 86 and 87:
70 GROUND WATER IN NORTH-CENTRAL TE
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72, GROUND WATER IN NORTH-CENTRAL T
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
Page 94 and 95:
Page 96 and 97:
80 GROUND WATEE IN NORTH-CENTRAL TE
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Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
TJ. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPP
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SPEINGS 89 blank sample of water sh
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SPRINGS ' 91 formation, which are k
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SPBINGS 93 roof above its channel i
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SPKINGS bearing channel very close
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ARTESIAN CONDITIONS 97 may be expec
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GROUND "WATER IN NORTH-CENTRAL TENN
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QUALITY OF GROUND WATER 101 of diss
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QUALIFY OF GROUND WATER 103 north-c
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QUALITY OF GROUND WATER 105 nesium
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QUALITY OF GROUND WATER 107 Temains
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QUALITY OF GROUND WATEB 109 undesir
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DATA waters in north-central Tennes
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QUALITY OF GROUND WATER in north-ce
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in north-central Tennessee Continue
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QUALITY OF GROUND WATER 121 more th
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5 Leipers and Cat beys formations:
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CHEATHAM COUNTY 125 which are trave
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Typical wells in Cheatham County, T
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fi7 3... .... 1± .do .... .... .
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GROUND WATEB IN NOKTH-CENTBAL TENNE
Page 154 and 155:
DAVIDSON COUNTY 133 have the same w
Page 156 and 157:
Typical wells in Davidson County, T
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At 1400 Eighth Ave. N. At foundry,
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Typical springs in Davidson County,
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DICKBON COUNTY 141 the Highland Rim
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DICKSON COUNTY 148 mineral matter,
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Water-bearing beds Remarks Use of w
Page 168 and 169:
Typical springs in Dickson County,
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HOUSTON COUNTY 149 superficial rela
Page 172 and 173:
Typical wells in Houston County, Te
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GBOUND WATEB IN NOETH-CENTEAL TENNE
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HUMPHREYS COUNTY 155 and elsewhere
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HUMPHREYS COUNTY 157 prove inadequa
Page 180 and 181:
Typical wells in Humphreys County,
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Typical springs in Humphreys County
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MONTGOMERY COUNTY 163 Driller's log
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MONTGOMERY COUNTY 165 and most of t
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Maximum consumption 1,200 gallons a
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e-s §8238 o o o o o o p: S JH.-C 3
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EOBEETSON COUNTY 171 GROUND-WATER C
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Typical wells in Robertson County,
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Water turbid. Stock.. .. .........
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GROUND WATEB IN NORTH-CENTRA!, TENN
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RUTHERFORD COUNTY 179 water table a
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RUTHERFORD COUNTY 181 and passing t
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RUTHERFORD COUNTY 183 tated as the
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6± miles E.. _ _ .. __ ._ _ ___ ..
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..... do... ... .... 138 ....... Ne
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58 None .............. }... .do ...
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STEWABT COUNTY 191 _ In addition to
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wash and weathered rocks in the low
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.....do....... ..... do....... Buck
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Approximate yield Openings Tempera-
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StJMNEB COUNTY 199 mately N. 70° E
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SOI hydrogen sulphide and contains
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SUMNEE COUNTY 208 Gallatin are know
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Do. hillside springs. derive water
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WILLIAMSON COUNTY Driller's log of
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WJfetlAMSON i&entf&nts, also in thf
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WILL1AMSON COUNTY 211 perennial spr
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COUNTT trated calcium bicarbonate w
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Typical wells in Williamson County,
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-130- Shale . use. beds found below
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Approximate yield Openings Remarks
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WILSON COUNTY 221 entire Middle and
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WILSON COUNTY 223 chemical characte
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WILSON COUNTY stitute the source of
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WIIJSON COUNTY 227 associated with
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WILSON COUNTY 229 pump is driven th
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* Water-bearing beds Remarks Use of
Page 254 and 255:
Typical springs in Wilson County, T
Page 256 and 257:
236 INDEX F Page Farrar, D. F., ana
Page 258 and 259:
238 INDEX Page Sumner County, munic
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GROUND WATER IN NORTH-CENTRAL TENNESSEE

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