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GMO Myths and Truths

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22. R<strong>and</strong>erson J. Genetically-modified superweeds ‘not<br />

uncommon’. New Scientist. 5 February 2002.<br />

23. Royal Society of Canada. Elements of Precaution:<br />

Recommendations for the Regulation of Food Biotechnology<br />

in Canada. An Expert Panel Report on the Future of Food<br />

Biotechnology. 2001. http://www.rsc.ca//files/publications/expert_<br />

panels/foodbiotechnology/GMreportEN.pdf<br />

24. Knispel AL, McLachlan SM, Van Acker RC, Friesen LF.<br />

Gene flow <strong>and</strong> multiple herbicide resistance in escaped canola<br />

populations. Weed Science. 2008; 56: 72–80.<br />

25. Neuman W, Pollack, A. US farmers cope with Roundupresistant<br />

weeds. New York Times. May 3 2010. http://www.<br />

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26. Kilman S. Superweed outbreak triggers arms race. Wall Street<br />

Journal. June 4 2010. http://biolargo.blogspot.com/2010/06/<br />

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27. Osunsami S. Killer pig weeds threaten crops in the<br />

South. 6 October 2009. http://abcnews.go.com/WN/pigweed-threatens-agricultureindustryovertaking-fields-crops/<br />

story?id=8766404&page=1<br />

28. Caulcutt C. ‘Superweed’ explosion threatens Monsanto<br />

heartl<strong>and</strong>s. France 24. 19 April 2009. http://www.france24.<br />

com/en/20090418-superweed-explosion-threatens-monsantoheartl<strong>and</strong>s-genetically-modified-US-crops<br />

29. Gustin G. Roundup’s potency slips, foils farmers. St. Louis Post-<br />

Dispatch. July 25 2010. http://www.soyatech.com/news_story.<br />

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30. Brasher P. Monsanto paying farmers to increase herbicide use.<br />

Des Moines Register. October 19 2010. http://bit.ly/az3fSo<br />

31. Warwick SI, Legere A, Simard MJ, James T. Do escaped<br />

transgenes persist in nature? The case of an herbicide resistance<br />

transgene in a weedy Brassica rapa population. Mol Ecol. Mar 2008;<br />

17(5): 1387-1395.<br />

32. Hart M. Farmer to farmer: The truth about GM crops [film].<br />

2011. http://gmcropsfarmertofarmer.com/film.html<br />

33. Mortensen DA, Egan JF, Maxwell BD, Ryan MR, Smith RG.<br />

Navigating a critical juncture for sustainable weed management.<br />

BioScience. Jan 2012; 62(1): 75-84.<br />

34. Gillam C. Dow launches multi-herbicide tolerant GM soybean.<br />

Reuters. 22 August 2011. http://bit.ly/qBR9a5<br />

35. Kimbrell A. “Agent Orange” corn: Biotech only winner in<br />

chemical arms race as herbicide resistant crops fail. Huffington<br />

Post. 22 February 2012. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/<strong>and</strong>rewkimbrell/agent-orange-corn-biotech_b_1291295.html<br />

36. Rahman A, James TK, Trolove MR. Chemical control options<br />

for the dicamba resistant biotype of fathen (Chenopodium album).<br />

New Zeal<strong>and</strong> Plant Protection. 2008; 61: 287–291.<br />

37. Herbicide Resistance Action Committee. Herbicide resistant<br />

weeds summary table. 2010. http://www.weedscience.org/<br />

summary/MOASummary.asp<br />

38. Martin H. Herbicide resistant weeds. Ontario Ministry of<br />

Agriculture, Food <strong>and</strong> Rural Affairs. April 2001, revised 2009.<br />

http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/01-023.htm<br />

39. Downey RK. Gene flow <strong>and</strong> rape – the Canadian experience.<br />

In: Lutman PJW, ed. Gene Flow <strong>and</strong> Agriculture: Relevance<br />

for Transgenci Crops. Vol 72: British Crop Protection Council<br />

Symposium Proceedings; 1999:109–116.<br />

40. Bindraban PS, Franke AC, Ferrar DO, et al. GM-related<br />

sustainability: Agro-ecological impacts, risks <strong>and</strong> opportunities of soy<br />

production in Argentina <strong>and</strong> Brazil. Wageningen, the Netherl<strong>and</strong>s.<br />

Plant Research International. 2009. http://bit.ly/Ink59c<br />

41. Brookes G, Barfoot P. Global impact of biotech crops: Socioeconomic<br />

<strong>and</strong> environmental effects in the first ten years of<br />

commercial use. AgBioForum. 2006; 9(3): 139–151.<br />

42. Jacquet F, Butault JP, Guichard L. An economic analysis of the<br />

possibility of reducing pesticides in French field crops. Ecological<br />

Economics. May 2011.<br />

43. Rensburg JBJ. First report of field resistance by the stem borer,<br />

Busseola fusca (Fuller) to Bt-transgenic maize. S. Afr J Plant Soil.<br />

2007; 24(3): 147-151.<br />

44. Huang F, Leonard BR, Wu X. Resistance of sugarcane borer to<br />

Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ab toxin. Entomologia Experimentalis<br />

et Applicata. 2007; 124: 117-123.<br />

45. Tabashnik BE, Gassmann AJ, Crowder DW, Carriere Y. Insect<br />

resistance to Bt crops: Evidence versus theory. Nat Biotechnol.<br />

February 2008; 26: 199–202.<br />

46. Gassmann AJ, Petzold-Maxwell JL, Keweshan RS, Dunbar MW.<br />

Field-evolved resistance to Bt maize by Western corn rootworm.<br />

PLoS ONE. 2011; 6(7): e22629.<br />

47. Associated Press. Monsanto shares slip on bug-resistant corn<br />

woes. 29 August 2011. http://onforb.es/pcJjQf<br />

48. Gray M. Severe root damage to Bt corn confirmed in<br />

northwestern Illinois. Aces News. 24 August 2011. http://www.<br />

aces.uiuc.edu/news/stories/news5903.html<br />

49. Chilcutt CF, Tabashnik BE. Contamination of refuges by Bacillus<br />

thuringiensis toxin genes from transgenic maize. Proc Natl Acad Sci<br />

U S A. May 18 2004; 101(20): 7526-7529.<br />

50. Dorhout DL, Rice ME. Intraguild competition <strong>and</strong> enhanced<br />

survival of western bean cutworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on<br />

transgenic Cry1Ab (MON810) Bacillus thuringiensis corn. Journal<br />

of Economic Entomology. 2010; 103: 54–62.<br />

51. Pearson H. Transgenic cotton drives insect boom. Nature. 25<br />

July 2006.<br />

52. Wang S, Just DR, Pinstrup-Andersen P. Bt-cotton <strong>and</strong><br />

secondary pests. Int. J. Biotechnology. 2008; 10(2/3): 113–121.<br />

53. Goswami B. India: Bt cotton devastated by secondary pests.<br />

Grain 2007. http://www.grain.org/btcotton/?id=398<br />

54. Ashk GKS. Bt cotton not pest resistant. The Times of India. 24<br />

August 2007. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Ch<strong>and</strong>igarh/<br />

Bt_cotton_not_pest_resistant/articleshow/2305806.cms<br />

55. The Economic Times (India). Bug makes meal of Punjab cotton,<br />

whither Bt magic? September 2 2007. http://bit.ly/967MA8<br />

56. Rohini RS, Mallapur CP, Udikeri SS. Incidence of mirid bug,<br />

Creontiades biseratense (Distant) on Bt cotton in Karnataka.<br />

Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 2009; 22: 680–681.<br />

57. Zhao JH, Ho P, Azadi H. Benefits of Bt cotton counterbalanced<br />

by secondary pests? Perceptions of ecological change in China.<br />

Environ Monit Assess. Feb 2010; 173(1-4): 985-994.<br />

58. Lu Y, Wu K, Jiang Y, et al. Mirid bug outbreaks in multiple crops<br />

correlated with wide-scale adoption of Bt cotton in China. Science.<br />

May 28 2010; 328(5982): 1151-1154.<br />

59. <strong>GMO</strong> Compass. Maize. 2012. http://www.gmo-compass.org/<br />

eng/gmo/db/<br />

60. Séralini GE, Mesnage R, Clair E, Gress S, de Vendômois JS,<br />

Cellier D. Genetically modified crops safety assessments: Present<br />

limits <strong>and</strong> possible improvements. Environmental Sciences Europe.<br />

2011; 23(10).<br />

61. Leslie TW, Biddinger DJ, Mullin CA, Fleischer SJ. Carabidae<br />

population dynamics <strong>and</strong> temporal partitioning: Response to<br />

coupled neonicotinoid-transgenic technologies in maize. Environ<br />

Entomol. Jun 2009; 38(3): 935-943.<br />

62. Gurian-Sherman D. Genetically engineered crops in the real<br />

world – Bt corn, insecticide use, <strong>and</strong> honey bees. The Cornucopia<br />

Institute. 13 January 2012. http://www.cornucopia.org/2012/01/<br />

genetically-engineered-crops-in-the-real-world-bt-corn-insecticideuse-<strong>and</strong>-honey-bees/<br />

63. Gurian-Sherman D. Seed treatments. In: Robinson C, ed2012.<br />

64. Kunkel BA, Held DW, Potter AD. Impact of Halofenozide,<br />

Imidacloprid, <strong>and</strong> Bendiocarb on beneficial invertebrates <strong>and</strong><br />

predatory activity in turfgrass. Journal of Economic Entomology.<br />

1999; 92(4): 922–930.<br />

65. Rogers MA, Krischik VA, Martin LA. Effect of soil application<br />

of imidacloprid on survival of adult green lacewing, Chrysoperla<br />

carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), used for biological control in<br />

greenhouse. Biological Control. 2007; 42(2): 172–177.<br />

66. Tennekes HA. The significance of the Druckrey-Kupfmuller<br />

equation for risk assessment--the toxicity of neonicotinoid<br />

insecticides to arthropods is reinforced by exposure time.<br />

Toxicology. Sep 30 2010; 276(1): 1-4.<br />

67. Pettis JS, Vanengelsdorp D, Johnson J, Dively G. Pesticide<br />

exposure in honey bees results in increased levels of the gut pathogen<br />

Nosema. Die Naturwissenschaften. Feb 2012; 99(2): 153-158.<br />

68. Krupke CH, Hunt GJ, Eitzer BD, Andino G, Given K. Multiple<br />

routes of pesticide exposure for honey bees living near agricultural<br />

fields. PLoS ONE. 2012; 7(1): e29268.<br />

69. Castaldini M, Turrini A, Sbrana C, et al. Impact of Bt corn on<br />

rhizospheric <strong>and</strong> soil eubacterial communities <strong>and</strong> on beneficial<br />

<strong>GMO</strong> <strong>Myths</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Truths</strong> 96

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