NON-CHEMICAL APPROACHES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF ...

On 21 DAE chrysoperla population in various organic seed treatments ranged from 0.53 to
0.77 chrysopids per plant and they were on par with untreated control (0.70 chrysoperla/
plant) (Table 7).
On 28 DAE untreated control recorded 0.77 chrysoperla per plant and all the seed
treatments were on par with it recording 0.60 to 0.83 chrysoperla per plant (Table 7).
4.1.4.2.2 Late sown crop
On 14 DAE number of chrysoperla in various seed treatments ranged from 0.40 to
0.57 chrysoperla per plant and they were on par with untreated control (0.53/plant) (Table 8).
Various treatments conserved 0.56 to 0.80 chrysoperla per plant on 21 DAE and all
were on par with untreated control (0.80 chrysoperla / plant) (Table 8).
On 28 DAE, chrysoperla population conserved by various treatments was from 0.67
to 0.93 chrysoperla per plant and all were statistically on par with untreated control (0.93
chrysoperla/plant) (Table 8).
4.1.5 Cost economics
Cost economics for the management of sorghum shoot fly through seed treatments
(Table 9) indicated that highest net returns among organics was given by neem oil 2%
(21743.00 Rs./ha) followed by Azagro (21098.00 Rs./ha), NSKE (21080.00 Rs./ha). But
Imidacloprid and Endosulfan were superior in giving highest net returns (24848.00 and
24469.50 Rs./ha, respectively). Highest incremental benefit cost ratio (21.08:1) was obtained
NSKE 5 per cent followed by plant mixture 5 per cent (208.6:1), neem oil 2 per cent (202.8:1)
and other botanicals. However, Endosulfan and Imidacloprid remained superior over
organics seed treatments by giving IBC ratio of 24.22:1 and 21.95:1, respectively.
4.2 Determination of critical stage of management of shoot fly
through botanicals
4.2.1 Number of eggs per plant
4.2.1.1 Timely sown sorghum
Effect of spraying different botanicals irrespective of spraying intervals recorded at 14
DAE revealed that Azagro (5%) and NSKE (5%) were most effective and on par with each
other by recording 0.46 eggs per plant (Table 10). Plant mixture (5%) recorded 0.51 eggs per
plant. However, Endosulfan seed treatment was superior over organic seed treatments which
recorded 0.42 eggs per plant.
Various spraying intervals irrespective of treatments revealed that all spraying
intervals were significantly superior over untreated control (1.16 eggs/plant) (Table 10). The
best effect was shown by spraying at 3, 6, 9, 12 DAE which did not record any egg. Next best
reduction was offered by 3, 6, 9 DAE (0.08 eggs/plant) followed by 6, 12 and 9, 12 DAE (0.42
eggs/plant). Spraying at 3, 6 DAE, 3, 9 DAE and 6, 9 DAE were next best (0.48 eggs/plant)
and were on par with each other. 6 DAE and 9 DAE recorded 0.66 eggs per plant and were
on par with each other. Spraying at 3 DAE recorded 0.74 eggs per plant
Interaction effect of botanicals spraying at various intervals revealed that all the
botanicals proved best when sprayed at 3, 6, 9, 12 DAE.(Table 10). Also Azagro (5%) and
NSKE (5%) were on par with this at 3, 6, 9 DAE and 6, 9, 12 DAE and they were also on par
with Endosulfan spraying at these intervals and recorded no eggs. Untreated control plots
recorded 1.00 egg per plant.
Study on effect of spraying botanicals at various interval on oviposition of shoot fly
recorded at 21 DAE (Table 11) revealed that Azagro (5%) and NSKE (5%) were superior over
plant mixture (5%) irrespective of spraying intervals. Azagro and NSKE recorded 0.93 and 0.9
eggs per plant respectively. Plant mixture recorded 1.25 eggs per plant. Endosulfan recorded
0.69 eggs per plant and was superior over botanicals.
Spraying intervals irrespective of botanicals revealed that spraying at 3, 6, 9, 12 DAE
was most effective (0.49 eggs/plant) as against untreated control (2.00 eggs/plant) (Table 11).
Spraying at 3, 6, 9 DAE and 6, 9, 12 DAE were next best recording 0.58 eggs per plant. Next