NON-CHEMICAL APPROACHES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF ...

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Table 26. Cost economics for the management of sorghum shoot fly through spraying botanicals at different intervals Sl. No. Treatments (spraying) Yield (q/ha) Increase in yield over control (q/ha) Per cent increase in yield over control Cost of pest control (Rs/ha) Gross return (Rs./ha) Net return (Rs./ha) 1 Azagro 5% @ 3, 6, 9 DAE 17.30 7.79 81.91 1680 25950 24270 14.45:1 2 Azagro 5% @ 6, 9, 12 DAE 17.35 7.84 82.44 1680 26025 24345 14.49:1 3 Azagro 5% @ 3, 6, 9, 12 DAE 18.80 9.29 97.69 2240 28200 25960 11.59:1 4 NSKE 5% @ 3, 6, 9 DAE 17.58 8.07 84.86 560 26370 25810 46.08:1 5 NSKE 5% @ 6, 9, 12 DAE 17.60 8.09 85.07 560 26400 25840 46.14:1 6 NSKE 5% @ 3, 6, 9, 12 DAE 18.89 9.38 98.63 720 28335 27615 38.35:1 7 Plant mixture 5% @ 3, 6, 9 DAE 17.10 7.59 79.81 560 25650 25090 44.80:1 8 Plant mixture 5% @ 6, 9, 12 DAE 17.12 7.61 80.02 560 25680 25120 44.86:1 9 Plant mixture 5% @ 3, 6, 9, 12 DAE 18.27 8.76 92.11 720 27405 26685 37.06:1 10 Endosulfan 35 EC 0.07% @ 3, 6, 9 DAE 18.96 9.45 99.37 1380 28440 27060 19.60:1 11 Endosulfan 35 EC 0.07% @ 6, 9, 12 DAE 18.97 9.46 99.47 1380 28455 27075 19.62:1 12 Endosulfan 35 EC 0.07% @ 3, 6, 9, 12 DAE 19.15 9.64 101.36 1840 28725 26885 14.61:1 13 Untreated control 9.51 - - - - - - IBC ratio
4.3.2 Oviposition Effect of different traps on oviposition of shoot fly (Table 27) indicated that, on 14 DAE fishmeal trap 10 per acre recorded least egg load (0.5 egg/plant). All remaining trap treatments recorded 1.5 to 2.00 eggs per plant and were on par with each other. On 21 DAE (Table 27) also best treatment was fishmeal trap 10 per acre which recorded least egg load (1.00 per plant) and remaining treatments recorded 2.00 to 3.00 eggs per plant and were on par with each other. 4.3.3 Per cent deadhearts On 21 DAE (Table 27) there was no significant difference in the deadhearts caused by different trap treatments only except fish meal trap 10 per acre which offered highest protection recording 44 per cent deadhearts. All other treatments recorded 58 to 62 per cent deadhearts and were on par with each other. On 28 DAE (Table 27) highest protection was offered by fishmeal trap 10 per acre which recorded 64 per cent deadhearts and all remaining treatments showed no significant difference in deadheart percentage which recorded 77 to 80.5 percent deadhearts and were on par with each other. 4.3.4 Yield Highest yield was recorded in the treatment of fishmeal trap at 10 per acre (12.12 q/ha). Remaining all treatments recorded no significant difference in yield and it ranged from 9.54 to 10.12 q/ha (Table 27).
Page 1 and 2:
NON-CHEMICAL APPROACHES FOR THE MAN
Page 3 and 4:
CONTENTS Sl. No. Chapter particular
Page 5 and 6:
23 24 25 26 27 Figure No. Effect of
Page 7 and 8: 1. INTRODUCTION Sorghum (Sorghum bi
Page 9 and 10: Kumar and Sangappa (1984) compared
Page 11 and 12: Anon. (2002) reported that neem lea
Page 13 and 14: fraction (0.25%) and NSKE (1500 ppm
Page 15 and 16: NSKE 5 per cent conserved significa
Page 17 and 18: 3. MATERIAL AND METHODS 3.1 Managem
Page 19 and 20: Shoot fly egg Shoot fly maggot Shoo
Page 21 and 22: 13. 9, 12 DAE 14. Untreated check S
Page 23 and 24: Plate.3. Fish meal trap
Page 25 and 26: Table 1. Effect of seed treatment w
Page 27 and 28: Table 2. Effect of seed treatment w
Page 29 and 30: NSKE (5%) was the best (31% deadhea
Page 31 and 32: extract (12.98 q/ha) and they were
Page 33 and 34: Table 6. Effect of seed treatments
Page 35 and 36: Table 8. Effect of seed treatments
Page 37 and 38: On 21 DAE chrysoperla population in
Page 39 and 40: Table 11. Effect of spraying botani
Page 43 and 44: deadhearts). This was followed by A
Page 45 and 46: Table 15. Evaluation of spraying bo
Page 51 and 52: Treatments Table 20. Yield of timel
Page 53 and 54: 4.2.4 Natural enemies 4.2.4.1 Cocci
Page 57: Table 25. Effect of spraying botani
Page 61 and 62: 5. DISCUSSION Investigations on the
Page 63 and 64: Mean number of eggs/plant 2 1.8 1.6
Page 65 and 66: Percent deadheart 90 80 70 60 50 40
Page 67 and 68: Interaction effect of treatments an
Page 69 and 70: Number of eggs/plant 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.
Page 71 and 72: Percent deadheart 90 80 70 60 50 40
Page 73 and 74: Yield (q/ha) 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6
Page 75 and 76: 5.2.4.2 Chrysoperla Study on effect
Page 77 and 78: 6. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION Investiga
Page 79 and 80: • Spraying Azagro (5%) and NSKE (
Page 81 and 82: Deepthi Jose, 2007, Studies on the
Page 83 and 84: Mendes, J. and Linhares, A.X., 1993
Page 85 and 86: Sharma, H.C., 1985, Strategies for
Page 87: NON-CHEMICAL APPROACHES FOR THE MAN
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