Prenesite datoteko - Vojaški muzej
Prenesite datoteko - Vojaški muzej
Prenesite datoteko - Vojaški muzej
You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
0$=$4$!& 0%$*-& P%"3H$8/:!>& /%"1#>& 1:*"& R\SY&<br />
samo za prevoz njegovega topništva potrebovali<br />
najmanj 700 do 800 voz. 48 Za svoje ordo-<br />
3"3;3:&;:*:&_&8*"13:&:3$*:&4$B%$&$0%:!1#:3-=&<br />
0$/1-H3-=&2$#"/$2&_&0"&#:&0$8:B:#&4:#"23$&%".-<br />
2-#"1& -3*:'%-%"3:& *"/*-;3:& P$%!"H-#:L& /-& 8$& $B&<br />
*$03-I/-& 0$40$%-& 2/1#>;:2"1-& *"/$& *:+/$& /$*&<br />
1"+#$&/$3#:3-H$L&8>1-;"%#:&-3&8*%:1H:L&$B$%$+:3:&<br />
.&4$1'-!-&1$/-L&8"!$8*%:1-&-3&%$;3-!-&*$0$2-( \W<br />
5"&/$!01:/83-&8-8*:!&#:&B-1&28"#&*:$%:*-;3$&2--<br />
4:*-&3:0%:!"'1#-2(&X!:1&0"&#:&*$&0$!"3#/1#-2$8*L&<br />
da je bil zlasti na mikroravni pretirano zaple-<br />
*:3L&/"%&#:&2&%:"13-=&%".!:%"=&3"&B$#-I;>&$2--<br />
%"1$& 0%"2$;"83:& $41$;-*2:& -3& 0%-1"'"#"3#:& 3"&<br />
80%:!:3#:3:&*"/*-;3:&%".!:%:(&<br />
Napredni vojaški stroj Karla Drznega je naj-<br />
%:83:#I$&0%:-./>I3#$&4$;"/"1&2&1:*-=&R\kSUk&2&<br />
80$0"4>&8&I2-H"%8/$&/$3P:4:%"H-#$(&Q2-H"&8:&#:&<br />
2&0$.3:!&8%:43#:!&2:/>&2&I*:2-13-=&0$'1:4-=&<br />
%".1-/$2"1"& $4& 82$#:& 8%:43#::2%$08/:& 8$8:I;-ne.<br />
50 Od zmage pri Morgartnu se je vojaška<br />
$%'"3-."H-#"& I2-H"%8/-=& /"3*$3$2& %".2-#"1"& 2&<br />
82$#:!& %-*!>L& /-& #:& *:+-1& /& 28:& B$1#& -.>%#:3-!&<br />
-3& B%:.=-B3$& 4-8H-01-3-%"3-!& :3$*"!& 0:I"-<br />
/$2L& $B$%$+:3-=& 8& =:1:B"%4"!-L& 42$%$;3-!-&<br />
B$#3-!-&/1"4-2-&-3&4%>'-!&$%$+#:!&3"&4%$'>(&<br />
O"&#:&B-1&*"&%".2$#&3";:13$&4$B%$&."!-I1#:3L&#:&<br />
0$/"."1"&B-*/"&0%-&'-!&=1"43-!&$%$+#:!(&D0$0"4&#:&B-1&4$1'$&<br />
3:$41$;:3L&Q2-H"%#-&8$&3"*$&.!"'"1-&I:1:&8&=>-<br />
4-!-& 3"0$%-(& M0$.$%-1>L& 4"& -!"& 3#-=$2& 3";-3&<br />
2$#8/$2"3#"&*>4-&3:/"*:%:&0$!"3#/1#-2$8*-L&#:&2&<br />
0%2-& 0$1$2-H-& RY(& 8*(& 81:4-1$& 2:;& 0$%".$2(& 91"-<br />
8*-&*-8*-&0%-&E%B:4>&1:*"&R\VV&#:&0$2.%$;-1&/$-<br />
%:3-*:#I:&%:P$%!:&I2-H"%8/:&0:=$*:J&>2:4B$&I:&<br />
'$8*:#I-=L& B$1#& ."0%*-=& P$%!"H-#& -3& 2:;#-& 4:1:+&<br />
4$1'-=&8>1-HL&0$8:B3$&>;-3/$2-*-=&0%$*-&8$2%"-<br />
+3-&/$3#:3-H-L&8&/"*:%-!-&8$&4:13$&3"4$!:8*-1-&<br />
=:1:B"%4:(&c0$%"B$&*:'"&$%$+#"&8$&>%"43$&0$-<br />
>;:2"1-&2&B$%-13-=&I$1"=&_&/$3:H&RY(&8*(&#:&B-1"&<br />
najbolj znana tista v Bernu. YV<br />
48 Smith – DeVries 2005, str. 141–142.<br />
49 Smith – DeVries 2005, str. 171–173.<br />
50 Verbruggen 1997, str. 112–115, 148.<br />
51 DeVries 1996, str. 129–136; Vinzenz Bartlome, Der Laupenkrieg 1339, v: Von Krieg<br />
und Frieden, Bern und die Eidgenossen bis 1800"_*8."7/)/8"a/W$/8"O"7/)/8"F%8),E9"<br />
Bernisches Historisches Musem, r. k.), Bern 2003, str. 16.<br />
52 David Eltis, The Military Revolution in Sixteenth-Century Europe, London 1995,<br />
20 ! V O J A Š K A Z G O D O V I N A<br />
'$$&F$6>1*F"'38-&':BE&:*283%*2O&':3&83F*E*$2Z6",*2O&<br />
process on real-life battlefields and impeding the adaptation<br />
to changes in tactical situation.<br />
The advanced military units of Charles the<br />
Bold faced their biggest ordeal in the conflict with<br />
':3& N]*EE& 0$2;383%"'*$2& *2& Q[mRTmm.& W2& ':3& D"'3&<br />
!*8813&/O3E-&N]*'+3%1"28&83@*"'38&;%$6&*'E&032'%"1Z<br />
European neighbourhood in many respects. 50 Since<br />
':3&@*F'$%C&"'&!$%O"%'32-&':3&6*1*'"%C&$%O"2*+"'*$2&<br />
$;&N]*EE&F"2'$2E&83@31$>38&*2&"&>"%'*FB1"%&8*%3F'*$2-&<br />
toward well-trained and immaculately disciplined<br />
*2;"2'%C& B2*'E& "%638& ]*':& :"1I3%8E-& ']$Z:"2838&<br />
warhammers and other polearms. The fact that<br />
this development was well-conceived was proven<br />
*2&':3&)"''13&*2&D"B>32&*2&QccV-&*2&]:*F:&32F*%F138&<br />
Bernese troops positioned in a triangular defensive<br />
formation first resisted the attacks of enemy infantry<br />
and later cavalry. 51 In the Battle of Sempach in<br />
QcYR-&':3&/BE'%*"2&:3"@C&F"@"1%C&8*E6$B2'38&;%$6&<br />
their horses and confronted the Swiss halberdiers<br />
$2& ;$$'-& ]*':& E:$%'3238& F"@"1%C& 1"2F3E& "28& $':3%&<br />
close-quarters weapons. The confrontation remained<br />
undecided for a long time and the Swiss gained victory<br />
only by making the utmost efforts. The warning<br />
that their method of warfare also had certain<br />
deficiencies was followed by several defeats in the<br />
15 th &F32'B%C.&H"%'*FB1"%1C-&':3&1$E'&I"''13&"'&/%I38$&<br />
*2& Q[UU& %3EB1'38& *2& ':$%$BO:& %3;$%6E& $;& ':3& N]*EE&<br />
*2;"2'%C.&5:3E3&*2F1B838&':3&*2'%$8BF'*$2&$;&832E3%-&<br />
more closed formations and a higher portion of long<br />
>*,3E-&3E>3F*"11C&3;;3F'*@3&"O"*2E'&':3&3236C&F"@"1%C&<br />
with which they partly substituted the halberds. The<br />
employment of these weapons was formally studied<br />
in martial arts schools. At the end of the 15 th &F32'B%C-&<br />
the most renowned one was located in Bern. XU<br />
Until the last quarter of the 15 th &F32'B%C-&':3&N]*EE-&<br />
despite their good military reputation in the wider<br />
3"2&"%3"-&]3%3&2$'&%3F$O2*E38&"E&"&E3%*$BE&>$-<br />
1*'*F"1&>1"C3%.&W2&>"%'*FB1"%-&':3C&F$B18&2$'&I3&F$6pared<br />
to the army and artillery of Burgundy in the<br />
technological sense. Swiss infantry formations came<br />
to the forefront of European military development in<br />
':3& ]"%& "O"*2E'& 0:"%13E& ':3& )$18.& W2& !"%F:& Q[mR-&<br />
':3C& 83;3"'38-& ;$%& ':3& ;*%E'& '*63-& ':3& )B%OB28*"2&<br />
forces at Grandson and inflicted an even bigger defeat<br />
on them in the Battle of Murten. Despite of good<br />
selection of the battlefield and the decision to employ<br />
50 Verbruggen 1997, pp. 112–115, 148.<br />
51 DeVries 1996, pp. 129–136; Vinzenz Bartlome, Der Laupenkrieg 1339, in: Von<br />
Krieg und Frieden, Bern und die Eidgenossen bis 1800"_/+."7/)/8"a/W$/8"O"7/)/8"<br />
Martig, Bernisches Historisches Musem, exhibition catalogue), Bern 2003, p. 16.<br />
52 David Eltis, The Military Revolution in Sixteenth-Century Europe, London 1995, p.<br />
44; Hall 1997, pp. 36–37.
Change language