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1 6 7 The results o f multiva riate logistic regression analysis of nine ba seli n e ' va riables for t he ir predictive effects are presented in TABLE 4.3 TABLE "'. 3 PREDICTORS OF POSTPARTUM HYPERTENSI ON: RESUL'rs OF MULTIPLE REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF 8 BASELINE VARIABLES Factor (yariabl e Regression c oe f ficie nt Ethnic group parity ANC attendance (Nc .) Pregnancy Hypertension Age Multiple pregnancy occupation 0 .355 0.420 0.272 0.684 - 0. 231 -0 .388 - 0 . 0 3 9 Education 0 .000 s tandard error 0 .110 0 .195 0 . 1 4 9 0 .656 0 .224 0 .580 0.083 0 .1 23 ccerr. I S . E 3.243 2 .153 1.832 1.043 -1.031 - 0 . 6 6 8 - 0 . 473 0 .002 See APPENDIX M f or Correlation matrices a nd Parameter estimates . As was also found during univariate a nalysis, ethnic origin was the most i mportant factor identified in the regression analysis t o be significa nt ly associated with the occurrence of postpart um hy pertension in the study popu j at.Lcn, Al t ho ugh p a r ity was no t f ound to be significantly associated wi t h post partum hypertension on univariate analysis (P=O. 1 8) , it r a nks second as a predictor in the above analysis. Parity was slightly correlated with ethnic origin (r=O .:;q a nd also with othe r variables such as age, number of an t enatal clinic attendances and pregn ancy hype r t e nsion which ha d elevated coefficients/S,E . ratios.
'68 The only fa ctor i de nt i fied positively to be an important p r edictor fo r p o s tpartuJl hypertension in this study sample is be ing a n i nd i v id ua l f roll a northern ethnic origin . 5 .S: HEALTH COMPLAI NTS AND CLIN I C A.TTENDANCE aeceuse t he s ocia- d e mo g r ap h i c c ha r act e r i s tic s , pregnancy a nd l a bour ex periences we r e simil a r for clinic a t tende r s and non - attende rs t hey are furt her compar-ed ne r e by their he alt h c ompl a i nt s . Univariate a na l ysis of the complai nt s r eported at lnterv.ew by s Ubj ects who a t tended t he cl inic as scheduled were ccep a ree t o that o f those who failed t o a ttend, but we re later f o u nd and i nterviewe d . The results o f these uni variate com pa r i s o ns revealed s t a t i s tically significant diffe rences i n t he frequency of c ompl a i nt s of a bdomi na l pa in (p=O.OOl) , perineal soreness (p-oo. OJ) and "other " complaints rep orted by the two g ro ups (p
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A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF EARLY PUERPE
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dysuria (26%). Nearly 60% of the st
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on l y greatl y enri ch ed the s ub
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5.4 De t e r mi na nt s o f morbidi
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Ta ble 2 .1 1 Di ag nos es in t rea
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CHAPTER 1 IN T RODU CTI ON As mor e
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impair mater nal health [ 13 ] . Th
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Many African countries l ike Ghan a
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Sex ratio (M/F) (1 989) 0 . 98 Rura
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growt h r ate of 2 .5% [ 21] . I t
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Sex ratio (M as a % o f F) Crude bi
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hours in t he h o s p i t ll;l. Nor
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irths ( 19 ) . Although no communit
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It i s ob vious froID. the above in
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The need for adequate puerperal car
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for )0% and 20% respectivel y (33]
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The Za r i a s t ud y ( a}, also re
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embolism coul d be classified a s a
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serious h e alth consequences becau
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o ne known pat hoge n [54] _ Candid
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a de qua t e trr ea tinerrc fo r th
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3 6 Three of the 31 bacteriuric cas
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sinc e direct bladd er s ampling h
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developing world countries have i n
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Unlike t he developed world, breast
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i n t h e puerper ium will occur i
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ED; siotomy wou nd inf ection: I n
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4' The incidence o f deep vein thro
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percent in Bali, Indonesia [37]. Th
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Pos t p a r t um Anaemia: Anaemia i
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study situat ions and ma y be up t
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wome n with caesarean deliveries (-
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deficien t , 50% f o l a t e defici
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days {178, 179] . In a study of pre
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22,774 births s t udied were 6 .1%,
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ca r d i a c failure, a ssoc iated
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of the disease in zaria has been at
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Africa. and the incidence is still
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i ncreased occu rrenC:2 of psychiat
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African studies respectively h a d
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about the i r mari t a l s tat us,
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CHAP TE R 4 M!ill!Q.!2S 4 .1 : THE
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Bearing in mind t he fact t ha t th
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- Fre e medical consultation for ..
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Examination : SUbjects wer e examin
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•• Lowe r genita l t ract i nte
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" c linica l assessment and lIlanaq
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sample cJ9scr ipt i on ; The charac
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Further mUltivariate logistic regre
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discharge s i n c e they were aa s
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104 ETHNIC ORIGINS: The majority of
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106 ap prenticeship- trained occupa
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YES 1l6'l\ FIG. 1.4 ANTENATAL CARE
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Labour e ve nts , c omplications a
Page 131 and 132: n . OTHER IMMEDI ATE COMPL.ICATIONS
Page 133: 5 .2 : FOLLOW-UP AND MORBIDI'I'Y FI
Page 136: 5 .2 . 1 Comparinq clinic a t t e n
Page 140 and 141: 200 ,eo 100 FIG. 2.1 :HOW SUBJECTS
Page 142 and 143: FIG.2.3: THE DAY OF FEVER ONSET REP
Page 145: 13 . I n a l l 21 2 ( 59 . 1\> s Ub
Page 148 and 149: 133 sUbjects said they did. A wide
Page 151: 136 Diastolic blood pressure readin
Page 156 and 157: 141 OTHER PATHOLOGI CAL FI NDI NGS
Page 159 and 160: 144 FOLLOW-UP OUTCOMES: At the end
Page 161: 5. 3 : I NCI DENCE OF MORBI DITY 5
Page 165 and 166: 150 LOWER GENITAL TRACT I NFECTIO N
Page 167 and 168: 152 ACUTE URIN ARY TRACT I NFECTION
Page 169: 154 !i\!m.!!!Ari. : The occurrence
Page 172 and 173: 15 7 regr ession was performed, t o
Page 174 and 175: 15. The s tat i stically significan
Page 176 and 177: 161 s t atistically !li gnifica nt
Page 178 and 179: 16 3 t.o de t ermi ne t hose wi th
Page 180 and 181: 165 was 280 nr (SO ± 166 ml.) and
Page 184 and 185: 169 The s atur a t ed rnode I of th
Page 188 and 189: CHAPTER 6 !l!SQJ.SSI ON AND RECOMME
Page 190 and 191: 175 higher ed ucation levels a nd l
Page 192: 177 a bout half of t he women who h
Page 195 and 196: 180 ranked t he i r health as satis
Page 197: 1 8 2 I nformal i nf ormat ion obta
Page 201: 1 8 6 bact eriur ia r ates often r-
Page 205 and 206: 190 lacerations or i ncisions which
Page 207 and 208: The non-infectiolIs morbid!ties : P
Page 209 and 210: 194 About 60 % of the su b j ec t.s
Page 212 and 213: 197 for preventing postpartum infec
Page 214 and 215: '" comparable to t h e high 57% rep
Page 216 and 217: 201 p ostpartum pe r Lcd and also f
Page 218 and 219: 203 bcv ev e r , a bou t 3 to 10 t
Page 220: 205 The ve ry small number of patie
Page 225 and 226: 210 i n f orm ation on t he ea rly
Page 227 and 228: 212 depend o n the type of mo r b i
Page 229: one d id not fUlly escape t he l i
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3 . What i s the ex tent o f pos t
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2 21 38 . Kah n AR, Jahan FA ( 1 98
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225 85 . Ph ill i p s I , ' Ba s s
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22. 122. Thacker 58, Banta HD (1982
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232 17 1. Hype r tensive di s o rde
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234 191. Cox ML ( J.963) . Incidenc
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'" 223 . Pugb TF , J erat h BK, Sch
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APPENDIZ A MAP OF GHANA AND STUDY "
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STUDY FORM A: Pa g e 2. PREGNANCY/l
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STUD Y FORM B : Page 2 IF YES, Did
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STUDY FORM B: Page 5 Bima nual Pa l
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3) Gaped wound/Delayed wound healin
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APPENDI X F R.ESULTS OF MUTI VARI A
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APPENDI X r II THE PREDICTORS OF PO
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APPENDIX L DETERMINANTS or POSTPART
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