Cultural aspects in Christian and Islamic religions - unesdoc - Unesco

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Table of Contents Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................... Introduction ..................................................................................................................... Foreword ........................................................................................................................... Time: Perceptions and Concepts .................................................................. Time in Christianity and Islam ............................................................................. Time in Christianity ......................................................................................................... Time in Islam .................................................................................................................. Calendars, their Meaning, and the Reason why they are Used .............. The Solar Calendar ......................................................................................................... The Lunar Calendar ........................................................................................................ Months of the Churches Calendar in General .................................................................... The Month of May: Honoring Virgin Mary ................................................................... The Lunar/Hegira Months ............................................................................................... The specificity of some Lunar/Hegira Months .............................................................. Days of the Week: Their Context and Importance ............................................................. Sunday for Christians ................................................................................................. Friday for Muslims ...................................................................................................... Special Religious Occasions and Holidays, and their Celebrations in Christian and Islamic Religions .................................. .................................................................... The Liturgical Cycle and Holidays in the Christian Religion .................... Christmas and Epiphany ................................................................................................. 25 December and 6 January ....................................................................................... Popular Customs and Habits .................................................................................. Epiphany (Theophania or Aldenh) ........................................................................... The New Yeast ....................................................................................................... The Blessing of Water ............................................................................................. The Prostration of the Magi .................................................................................... 8 10 13 17 18 19 20 22 23 25 26 26 27 28 30 31 32 35 36 37 37 39 43 43 43 44 3
4 The Blessing of Fruit ............................................................................................... Lent ............................................................................................................................... The Importance of Lent .............................................................................................. Carnival ..................................................................................................................... The Beginning of Lent ................................................................................................ Sundays of Lent ......................................................................................................... Palm Sunday .................................................................................................................. Passion Week .................................................................................................................. Holy Thursday ............................................................................................................ Good Friday ............................................................................................................... Holy Saturday ............................................................................................................ Easter ........................................................................................................................ Al-Ba’uth (Resurrection Procession) ................................................................................. Ascension ...................................................................................................................... Pentecost ....................................................................................................................... Corpus Christi Thursday .................................................................................................. The Exaltation of the Cross .............................................................................................. Holidays and Special Religious Occasions & in Islam ................................. Holidays ......................................................................................................................... The Holy Month of Ramadan and Fasting ................................................................... ‘Id al-Fitr .................................................................................................................... ‘Id al-‘Adha ................................................................................................................ ‘Ushur al-‘Id for the Mouwahidoon (Unitarian) Druze ............................................... Religious Occasions ........................................................................................................ Al-Mawlid al-Nabawi .................................................................................................. The Hegira New Year .................................................................................................. Laylat al-Qadr ............................................................................................................ Al-‘Isra’ wal-Mi’raj ....................................................................................................... ‘Id al-Ghadir ............................................................................................................... Al-Nisf min Sha’ban .................................................................................................... ‘Ashura’ ...................................................................................................................... Remembering Al-‘Awliya’ and the Saints ........................................................ Feasts of Saints in General .............................................................................................. Marian Holy Days ...................................................................................................... Saint Maron’s Day on February 9 ................................................................................. All Saints’ Day ............................................................................................................ All Souls’ Day ............................................................................................................. Remembering al-‘A’immah al-Ma’sumin (the Infallible Imams) and al-‘Awliya’ (the Trusted Ones) ............................................................................................................................. 44 45 45 46 46 48 48 51 52 56 59 59 62 62 62 63 64 66 66 67 70 74 75 76 76 76 77 78 79 79 80 82 83 85 88 89 89 90
Page 2 and 3: UNESCO Regional Office - Beirut Cul
Page 6 and 7: The Most Notable Trusted Sheikhs an
Page 8 and 9: Places of Worship .................
Page 10 and 11: institutions; they have made this b
Page 12 and 13: Ever since we started working on th
Page 14 and 15: 14 He may think that Joseph is not
Page 17 and 18: Time: Perceptions and Concepts The
Page 19 and 20: Time in Christianity The Holy Book
Page 21 and 22: Moments in the Day It is said that
Page 23 and 24: The Solar Calendar The Christian ye
Page 25 and 26: The Lunar Calendar The Glorious Kor
Page 27 and 28: The Lunar/ Hegira Months The lunar
Page 29 and 30: appearance of grass. Rabi’ al-Aww
Page 31 and 32: Sunday for Christians The liturgica
Page 33: Muslim acts of worship, as mentione
Page 36 and 37: 36 The Liturgical Cycle and Holiday
Page 38 and 39: 38 place of the pagan holiday on Ja
Page 40 and 41: 40 people of Rome who had returned
Page 42 and 43: 42 Santa Claus Ever since the Fourt
Page 44 and 45: 44 and those who are in it, as a si
Page 46 and 47: 46 Carnival The word is derived fro
Page 48: 48 Sundays of Lent Fasting season i
Page 51 and 52: of this Palm Sunday, parents dress
Page 53 and 54: The Rite of Washing of Feet has Two
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After Supper, Christ went as usual
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day is a reminder of the many suffe
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60 The faithful come out of the chu
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62 Chocolate Eggs About a century a
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64 The Exaltation of the Cross On S
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66 Holidays and Special Religious O
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68 Based on the Holy Koran and Prop
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70 ‘Id al-Fitr It is the first da
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72 God, He is free from imperfectio
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74 ‘Id al-Adha Just like ‘Id al
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76 Religious Occasions Al-Mawlid al
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78 Al-Isra’ wal-Mi’raj Al-‘is
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80 ‘Ashura’ The occasion occurs
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82 Remembering Al-‘Awliya’ and
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84 A representation of the healing
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even in the Nestorian Church. It is
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All Saints’ Day On this Holiday,
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the inside and making it immune fro
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John the Baptist (Yahya, A.S.) Chri
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96 Job (Ayyub), A.S. Job for Christ
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98 Saint Georges/ Al-Khidr - For Ch
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100
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102 Birth Bearing children is a mar
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104 Before being immersed in the wa
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106 Communion The newly baptized ta
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108 Marriage and Related Matters Ma
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110 The Wedding Ceremony (The Crown
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112 Annulment of Marriage and Divor
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114 The Marriage Contract Marriage
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116 Polygamy The Koran allows polyg
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118 Death Death is in fact the grea
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120 Praying Upon and Burying the De
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122 Death in Islam Traditions and c
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124 Adoption and Sponsoring of Orph
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126
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128 Prayer Prayer (Salāt) from the
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130 In Islam Salat al-Farida (Oblig
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132 Salat al-‘Idayn (Prayor of th
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134 Holy Mass for Christians (See S
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136 Pilgrimage Pilgrimage is a prac
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138
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140 a kiswa (Kaaba covering) manufa
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142 The Return of Pilgrims of pilg
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144 Repentance indicat
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146 Nashid, Hymns, and Tajwid Music
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148 Incense and Candles Incense and
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150 Prayer Beads (Misbaha) The use
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152
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154 God is omnipresent. Yet, the be
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156 Parts of the church: denominati
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158 The Confessional: At first, ba
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160 In both Catholic and Orthodox t
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162
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164 A mosque includes nine parts or
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166 the minaret of the Dome of the
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168 Monasteries The word ‘monaste
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170 Public and Private Sanctuaries
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172 Hermitages and Cells Ascetics h
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he shrine of Imam Uza’i in Beirut
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176 Husayniyyat These are places th
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178
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180 Garments and Sundry Clothes cha
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182 The Bishop ordains priests at a
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184 small Cross on the lapel of the
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186 Garments and Sundry in Islam Is
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188 The Five-Colors Flag for the Mo
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190 General Customs and Traditions
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192 For Muslims names are special a
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194 Festive Religious Re-Enactments
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196 Lazarite Re-Enactment Lazarus o
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Decorating Homes and Cars There are
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