smart technologies for safety engineering

148 Smart Technologies for Safety Engineering
log 10 σ/σ max
0
–1
–2
–3
–4
–5
–6
–7
–8
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
singular value no.
Figure 4.31 Singular values of the system transfer matrix plotted across the orders of magnitude for
the q 1%
2 -best sensor location π = {1, 2, 4, 6, 10}
force [kN]
force [kN]
60
40
20
0
–20
–40
–60
–80
0
–20
–40
–60
–80
0
0
80
60
40
20
2
2
4
6
degree of freedom
4
6
8
degree of freedom
8
10
10
12
12
0
0
2
2
4
4
6
8
time [ms]
6
8
time [ms]
10
10
force [kN]
force [kN]
–20
–40
–60
–80
0
0
80
60
40
20
–20
–40
–60
–80
–100
–120
0
0
60
40
20
2
4
6
degree of freedom
8
degree of freedom
Figure 4.32 First (top left), second (top right), third (bottom left) and sixth (bottom right) singular
loadings computed for sensor location π = {1, 2, 4, 6, 10}
2
4
6
8
10
10
12
12
0
0
2
2
4
4
6
8
time [ms]
6
8
time [ms]
10
10