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district canals are the major source of irrigation (Table 3.2) and irrigating about 38.60 per cent
of total irrigated area (28,323 ha) followed by wells (33.49 per cent) and other sources
including tanks (27.91 per cent).
The total population of the district is 16.03 lakh (As per 2001 census) comprising of
8.23 lakh males and 7.83 lakh females 62.57 per cent literacy with 2.17 lakh families. (Table
3.3) The total population and literacy percentage is 2,18,803 and 85.69 per cent and 1,36,978
and 85.05 per cent in Dharwad and Kalaghatagi taluks respectively. And there are 948
females for every 1000 males.
3.1.5 Crops and cropping pattern
Area under different crops in Dharwad district and selected taluks for the year 2001-
02 has been given in Appendix II.The gross cropped area in Dharwad district, Dharwad taluk
and Kalaghatagi taluk during 2001-02 was 4,80,267 hectares, 99,008 hectares and 45,839
hectares respectively. The area under cereal crops in Dharwad district was 1,48,126 hectares
(30.84%) of the total cropped area. The corresponding figures for Dharwad and Kalaghatagi
taluks were 41,750 hectares (42.16%) and 27,128 (59.18%).
Jowar and paddy are the staple food crops of the region accounting for 20.14 per
cent of total cropped area in the district. The corresponding figures for Dharwad and
Kalaghatagi taluks were 31.87 per cent and 57.36 per cent, which were higher than the
district share to their respective total cropped area. Pulses occupied a larger proportion in
Dharwad taluk (26.53%) as compared to Kalaghatagi taluk (4.04%) to the total cropped area
of respective taluks. In Dharwad district pulses occupied to an extent of 13.91 per cent
(66,808 ha) to the total cropped area. Under commercial crops Dharwad district occupied
higher proportion of 31.25 per cent (1,50,108 hectares) to the total cropped area. The
Kalaghatagi taluk (32.02%) occupied larger proportion of commercial crops as compared to
Dharwad taluk (21.33%) to the total cropped area.
3.1.6 Number of sub-watersheds in Dharwad district under different schemes
The talukwise distribution of sub-watersheds (SWS) in the district is presented in the
Table 3.4.
The total number of sub-watersheds (SWS) under National Watershed Development
programme for Rainfed Agriculture (NWDPRA) are 17, under River Valley Project (RVP) are
16, Drought Prone Area Programme (DPAP) are 45. Under WGDP only one SWS and under
World Bank sponsored scheme called Sujala Watershed Project, the number of subwatersheds
covered are 9 of that 2 SWS in Dharwad taluk and 1 SWS in Kalaghatagi taluk.
3.2 Selection of study area
The focus of the study was confined to the economic evaluation of Rain Water
Harvesting Structures (RWHS) especially farm-ponds and their impact on cropping pattern,
employment and income of farmers in Managundi and Galagi sub-watersheds of Dharwad
and Kalaghatagi taluks at Dharwad district of Karnataka state, where the Sujala Development
Project is being implemented. The scheme is also implemented in other districts (Fig. 2) of
Karnataka state viz., Kolar, Tumkur, Chitradurga and Haveri. The total area covered under
this project of World Bank assisted Sujala Watershed Scheme in Karnataka (Table 3.5) it self
is 4.27 lakh hectares of which, 49,840 hectares falls under Dharwad district alone. The
scheme has already run for three years out of the total five and half years, i.e. from
September 2001 to March 2007.
Managundi and Galagi sub-watershed were selected purposively in Dharwad district
because of the three reasons, namely (i) These sub-water sheds have many watershed
treatment activities especially farm-ponds (ii) The sub-watersheds are covered under Sujala
Watershed Development Scheme, (iii) Availability of accurate and needful data and more
area is under rainfed situation.
Managundi SWS has six micro-watersheds viz., Mansur-I, Nuggikeri-II,
Benakanakatti-III, Managundi IV, V and VI. Where as, Galagi SWS has five micro-watersheds
viz., Galagi-I, Arebasavanakoppa-II, Tumari-koppa-III, Mutagi-IV and Sangameshwar-V.
Out of the above mentioned, micro-watersheds Managundi and Tumari-koppa microwatersheds
have been selected from Managundi and Galagi SWS in Dharwad and
Kalaghatagi taluks, respectively.