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Detailed Ecological Assessment Report 2008 – Keenjhar Lake Phylum Arthropoda Class Arachnida Order Araneae Suborder Neocribellatae Family Thomisidae Genus Thomisus Image 9 – Thomisidae o Genus Thomisus Seven specimens of Genus Thomisus were captured from the suburb of the Keenjhar Lake. • Family Araneidae: this is a large family with more than 2500 species worldwide. All these spiders make orb webs that are big in relation to the spider. The webs are denser in the center. The genera Cyclosa and Argiope construct some sort of stabilizer in the center of the web. Members of this family are very docile, non-aggressive spiders that usually flee at the first sign of a threat. They are not dangerous to people and are actually quite beneficial because they catch and eat the pest-type insects. These are most noticeable in late summer in fall, when webs and adults reach their largest. Image 10 – Araneidae • Genus Cyclosa These are relatively rare spiders. Their small abdomen has a distinctive tubercle. Also the large webs are distinctive. It contains an irregular band of silk often full with debris. This camouflages the spider perfectly. The eggs are added later to this string. WWF Pakistan – Indus for All Programme Page 80 of 165
Detailed Ecological Assessment Report 2008 – Keenjhar Lake Phylum Arthropoda Class Arachnida Order Araneae Suborder Neocribellatae Family Araneidae Genus Cyclosa • Order Solifugae A few solifugids specimens belonging to the following taxonomic hierarchy were captured from the adjoining areas of the Lake. o Family: Galeodidae Sundevall 1833 Members of the Galeoidae family were found and captured from the vicinity of the lake. Galeodids are distinguished from other members of the order Solifugae by the presence of fine microsetae on the tarsal claws of legs II through IV. This vestiture of microsetae does not occur on any other group of solifuges. Most of the species are relatively long-legged, and include some of the largest members of the order. Members of the family are widely distributed in Europe, Africa, Southeastern Asia, Asia Minor, Arabia, Iran, Afghanistan, India and Pakistan. Image 11 – Galeodidae 3.7.6 Discussion It has been suggested that the zooplankton abundance allows for the enhanced survival and growth for fish larvae. The zooplankton biomass supports high ichthyoplankton concentrations. Many zooplanktons including the copepods are known to be the important component of the larval fish diets. Predaceous invertebrates preferably prey upon the smaller zooplanktons. If the nutrient supply is not continued, the elevated predation by fish larvae also creates food limitation. The predation pressure therefore not only controls the abundance of the zooplankton but can also change the composition and size spectrum of zooplankton community. Zooplankton density and the gill infection of fish are inversely proportional to each other. At a low zooplankton density the fish fingerlings change their feeding behaviour and due to the insufficient zooplankton, they ingest a larger number of fish parasites from the detritus. It is possible that the lower intensity of gill WWF Pakistan – Indus for All Programme Page 81 of 165
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