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Index value Detailed Ecological Assessment Report 2008 – Keenjhar Lake Figure 39 – Biodiversity indexes for all sites over summer and winter 0.05 0.045 0.04 0.035 0.03 0.025 0.02 0.015 0.01 0.005 0 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.007 0.03 0.044 0.01 0.01 0.005 Keti Bunder Keenjhar Lake Pai Forest Chotiari Reservoir Sites 0.032 Keti Shah Summer Winter As can be seen in Figure 39, diversity is quite changeable over time and space. Pai Forest has the highest diversity in winter whereas Keti Bunder had the highest diversity in summer. Chotiari Reservoir is thought to be the most diverse site under the Indus for All Programme. However it is on par with Keenjhar Lake for both summer and winter. It is inferred that migration and anthropogenic factors such as hunting, trapping and habitat removal may be causing birds to avoid certain areas that may include our site areas. Figure 40 shows the similarity between the sites. Summer Winter Similarity Index Keenjhar Lake and Keti Bunder 0.62 0.51 Similarity Index Keenjhar Lake and Chotiari Reservoir 0.56 0.62 Similarity Index Keenjhar Lake and Keti Shah 0.62 0.5 Similarity Index Keenjhar Lake and Pai Forest 0.59 0.62 Similarity Index Keti Bunder and Chotiari Reservoir 0.53 0.43 Similarity Index Keti Bunder and Keti Shah 0.68 0.45 Similarity Index Keti Bunder and Pai Forest 0.68 0.48 Similarity Index Chotiari Reservoir and Keti Shah 0.6 0.52 Similarity Index Chotiari Reservoir and Pai Forest 0.54 0.43 Similarity Index Keti Shah and Pai Forest 0.64 0.58 As with the diversity index, there is significant variation over winter and summer seasons. In summer there is more similarity with Keti Bunder – Keti Shah and Keti Bunder – Pai Forest whereas is winter the similarity lies in Keenjhar Lake – Pai Forest and Keenjhar Lake – Chotiari Reservoir. Again this indicates that the arrival (or departure) of migratory birds and/or differing levels of disturbance over the seasons is affecting the presence and absence of birds across the sites. WWF Pakistan – Indus for All Programme Page 124 of 165
Comparison value 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 Detailed Ecological Assessment Report 2008 – Keenjhar Lake Figure 40 – Similarity index between sites and over season 0.62 0.62 0.56 0.62 0.51 0.5 Keenjhar Lake and Keti Bunder Keenjhar Lake and Chotiari Reservoir Keenjhar Lake and Keti Shah 0.62 0.59 0.53 Sites Keenjhar Lake and Pai Forest 0.43 Keti Bunder and Chotiari Reservoir 0.68 0.68 WWF Pakistan – Indus for All Programme Page 125 of 165 0.45 Keti Bunder and Keti Shah 0.48 Keti Bunder and Pai Forest 0.6 0.52 Chotiari Reservoir and Keti Shah 0.54 0.43 Chotiari Reservoir and Pai Forest 0.64 0.58 Keti Shah and Pai Forest Summer Winter The following Table 53 and Figure 41 show the Simpson’s index over sites and season. S.no Site Table 53 – Simpson’s index over site and season Summer Winter 1 Keti Bunder 0.95 0.93 2 Keenjhar lake 0.94 0.82 3 Pai Forest 0.95 0.94 4 Chotiari Reservoir 0.91 0.91 5 Keti Shah 0.91 0.94 Index value 1 0.95 0.9 0.85 0.8 0.75 0.9 Figure 41 – Simpson’s index over sites and seasons 0.9 0.9 0.82 0.9 0.94 0.9 0.91 Keti Bunder Keenjhar lake Pai Forest Chotiari Reservoir Sites 0.94 0.9 Keti Shah Summer Winter Apart from Keenjhar Lake, there is not much difference in the Simpson’s index apart from slightly lower levels in winter. This does not necessary mean less species but since less evenness across the population of species.
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