Untitled - WWF - Pakistan

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Detailed Ecological Assessment Report 2008 – Keenjhar Lake 3.7.7 Conclusion………………………………………………………. 83 3.7.8 Threats and recommendations……………………………….. 84 3.8 Physico-chemical properties of water…………………… 85 3.8.1 Sampling locations …………………………………………….. 85 3.8.2 Field observations during water sampling…………………… 85 3.8.2.1 Population and human activities……………………………… 85 3.8.2.2 Flow and levels…………………………………………………. 86 3.8.3 Drinking Water………………………………………………….. 88 3.8.4 Agriculture and livestock………………………………………. 89 3.8.5 Fisheries………………………………………………………… 89 3.8.6 Threats and recommendations ………………………………. 91 Chapter 4 Comparison of the four study sites……………………… 92 4.1 Mammals……………………………………………………… 93 4.1.1 Summary………………………………………………………… 93 4.1.2 Species identified 94 4.1.3 Observation records …………………………………………… 95 4.1.4 Conservation status of mammal species…………………….. 95 4.1.5 Species diversity……………………………………………….. 96 84.1.6 Comparison of species observed during summer and winter………………………………………………………….. 97 4.1.7 Population estimations………………………………………… 99 4.1.8 Assessment of level of threats to mammals at different 100 study sites……………………………………………………….. 4.2 Small mammals……………………………………………… 102 4.2.1 Species recorded……………………………………………….. 102 4.2.2 Similarity index over sites and seasons……………………… 103 4.2.3 Feeding habits………………………………………………….. 104 4.2.4 Habitat…………………………………………………………… 105 4.2.5 Status of small mammals across the survey sites………….. 105 4.3 Reptiles and amphibians……………………………………. 107 4.3.1 Summary………………………………………………………… 107 4.3.2 Species recorded ……………………………………………… 108 4.3.3 Species diversity ………………………………………………. 110 4.4 Avi-fauna……………………………………………………… 112 4.4.1 Summary………………………………………………………… 112 4.4.1.1 Keti Bunder …………………………………………………….. 112 4.4.1.2 Keenjhar Lake …………………………………………………. 112 4.4.1.3 Chotiari Reservoir……………………………………………… 113 4.4.1.4 Pai Forest ……………………………………………………… 113 4.4.2 Species recorded ……………………………………………… 114 4.4.3 Analysis of avifauna recorded ……………………………….. 118 4.4.3.1 Summer survey ……………………………………………….. 118 4.4.3.2 Winter surveys ………………………………………………… 121 4.4.3.3 Summer and winter …………………………………………… 123 4.5 Phytoplankton………………………………………………. 126 4.5.1 Summary ……………………………………………………….. 126 4.5.1.1 Keti Bunder……………………………………………………… 126 4.5.1.2 Keenjhar Lake…………………………………………………... 126 4.5.1.3 Pai Forest ……………………………………………………….. 127 4.5.1.4 Chotiari Reservoir ……………………………………………… 127 4.5.2 Account of number of species recorded……………………... 127 4.6 Freshwater fisheries…………………………………………. 128 4.6.1 Introductory note……………………………………………….. 128 4.6.2 Species account………………………………………………… 128 WWF Pakistan – Indus for All Programme iv
Detailed Ecological Assessment Report 2008 – Keenjhar Lake 4.6.3 Status of species at each site…………………………………. 129 4.6.4 Economic values……………………………………………….. 130 4.7 Zooplankton………………………………………………….. 132 4.8 Physico-chemical properties of water…………………… 132 4.8.1 Summary of water quality……………………………………… 132 4.8.1.1 Drinking water…………………………………………………… 132 4.8.1.2 Agriculture ………………………………………………………. 134 4.8.1.3 Fisheries…………………………………………………………. 135 Chapter 5 Bibliography ………………………………………………….. 138 WWF Pakistan – Indus for All Programme v
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