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Detailed Ecological Assessment Report 2008 – Keenjhar Lake In the Margalef index Chotiari Reservoir shows the highest level of diversity whereas the Shanno index gives Keenjhar Lake as the highest. The former does not take into evenness so may be biased by the difference in animal counts. Overall Keti Shah has the lowest diversity in both analysis followed by Pai Forest. Reasons for the difference can be complex and need investigation to establish what is driving the diversity at each site. 4.4 Avi-fauna 4.4.1 Summary 4.4.1.1 Keti Bunder The main habitats in Keti Bunder are coastal areas, creeks, agriculture and fruit farms, and riverine and estuarine area (Karo Chhan). A total of 68 species of birds were recorded during the summer surveys. Out of these 68 species recorded 22 were water birds, 6 birds of prey, and 25 passerines along with pigeons, doves, mynas, kingfishers, parakeets, cuckoos, bee-eaters and woodpeckers. Blue rock-pigeon, Common myna and Common-babbler were quite common Grey and Black Partridges and Rain quails are they key species at this site. Along with the above mentioned birds 3 species were over summering bird’s viz. Curlew Eurasian Redshank and Osprey along with the summer breeding visitor, Pied Crested Cuckoo. The majority of the birds were found to in forest areas, cultivated land and orchards. The main creek area comprises of Hajamro, Chann, Khobar and Bhoori creeks. A total of 91 species of birds were recorded in the winter surveys 50 species were resident, 32 winter visitors, 7 were irregular year-round visitors and 2 passage migrants. 2 species were rare and 6 species were scarce. The important species recorded were; Painted Stork, Black-headed Ibis, Common quail, Black-bellied tern, Rufous-fronted Prinia, Paradise flycatcher and Rosy pastor. 4.4.1.2 Keenjhar Lake The main habitats for birds in Keenjhar Lake are marshes, agriculture areas, fallow land, stony areas and desert habitat. There are agriculture fields in the north, east and western sides with an embankment on the southern side. Between the bund and the National Highway, there are marshy areas with villages around the lake. In the north is the town of Jhimpeer. There is a stony area and desert habitat the astern and western Side. A total of 57 species of birds were recorded in summer out of which 20 were water birds, three raptors, twenty five passerines and twelve other including Pigeons, Doves, Cuckoos, Bee-eaters etc. Two early migrants’ viz. barn swallow and green sandpiper were recorded. The most common Bird species of Keenjhar Lake were Little grebe, Little cormorant, Pond heron, Little egret, Pond heron, Red-wattled lapwing, Blue rock-pigeon, Collared dove, Little brown-dove Little Green Bee-eater, Bank myna and Streaked-weaver. Grey partridge, Purple heron and Chestnut-bellied sandgrouse are the key species. During the winter surveys, the main lake associated marshes, agricultural fields, vicinity of villages, fish farm areas, grass field, bunds of the lake and another wetland viz Jhol Dhand were surveyed. A total of 98 species of birds were recorded. Out of which 51 were resident, 42 winter visitors 03 were irregular yearround visitors and two passage migrants. Most of the birds were found on or near the wetland habitats. A pair of Pallas’s Fishing Eagle was found nesting on WWF Pakistan – Indus for All Programme Page 112 of 165
Detailed Ecological Assessment Report 2008 – Keenjhar Lake Eucalyptus near Jakhro fish form. Among the threatened species, the Blackbellied tern which is a near threatened species was recorded. On the nearby wetland called Jhol Dhand, some important species such as greater flamingo, Pallid Harrier, Common Kestrel, Imperial Eagle, Steppe Eagle and Chestnut bellied Sandgrouse were recorded. 4.4.1.3 Chotiari Reservoir Chotiari Reservoir is located in Sanghar District, it occupies an area of about 18,000 ha and the reservoir exhibits of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The aquatic features of the reservoir area comprise diversity of small and large size (1-200 ha) fresh and brackish water lakes. These lakes are a source of subsistence and commercial fisheries for the local people and habitat for crocodiles, otters, fresh water turtles and feeding and nesting grounds for variety of resident and migratory birds. It has diverse habitat for birds, which include lakes, swamps/marshes/reed beds having somewhat dense vegetation cover, irrigations canals, riverine forest, cultivates land and desert area. The area provides suitable habitat for a wide variety of birds. As many as 109 species of birds have been recorded from the area (Ghalib et al 1999). There are certain species of birds of particular importance viz. Marbled Teal, Jerdon’s/Sind Babbler, Pallas’s Fishing Eagle, White-backed Vulture, Saker Falcon, Watercock, Wood Sandpiper, Knot, Ruff, Painted Snipe and Cliff Swallow. The main area of the Chotiari reservoir is the wetland where there are marshes beside the embankment. There are agricultural fields in the northern and western side. The southern and the eastern sides consist of desert habitat. A total of 80 birds were recorded in the summer survey. Four summer breeding visitors viz. Water cock, Red Turtle Dove, Blue-cheeked, Bee-eater and Pied Crested Cuckoo were recorded. Two over summering birds viz. White-tailed Plover, Greenshank were also recorded. A total of thirty passerines, twenty-five water birds, four raptors and eleven others including pigeons, doves, cuckoos owls, nightjars, kingfishers, bee-eaters and rollers were observed. Plain Sand Martin and Barn Swallow were also quite common at the time. Grey and Black Partridge, Watercock, Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse, Lesser Golden backed Woodpecker are also key species found at the site. The main habitats in the area are wetland and associated marshes, desert habitat and agriculture areas. During the winter surveys, the nearby dhands were also surveyed such as Dogriyoon, Naughno, Panihal, Sanghriaro, Rarr and Kharor dhands. A total of seventy-two species of birds were recorded. Out of which 34 were resident, 34 were winter visitors, three passage migrants and one rare vagrant Purple Heron (two) and Red-crested Pochard (one) and Greater White fronted Goose (one) were recorded. Nesting of Pallas’s Fishing Eagle was also recorded. 4.4.1.4 Pai Forest Pai forest has forest and agriculture areas as which are home to various habitats of birds. The total number of bird species recorded was 56. Out of these, 6 were water birds, 3 raptors, 29 passerines, and 18 others including pigeons, doves, parakeets, kingfishers, cuckoos, rollers, owlets, nightjars, bee-eater etc. the most common species were: Little Brown Dove, Little Green Bee-eater and Bank Myna Two over summering birds viz. Baillon’s Crake and Green Sandpiper and two summer breeding visitors viz. Pied Crested Cuckoo and Red Turtle Dove were recorded. Grey Partridge, Common Green Pigeon, Crested Honey Buzzard, WWF Pakistan – Indus for All Programme Page 113 of 165
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